“…The effect from shear stress on carrot somatic embryo development has been characterized by parameters describing the shape of the embryo in terms of axial length, diameter, cotyledon length, and cotyledon arc (Schiavone and Cooke, 1985). Quantitative information on the presence of different embryo shapes in culture has been obtained by spectral analysis through discrete and fast Fourier transformations with image analysis technique (Cazzulino et al, 1987; Chi et al, 1994, 1996). Image analysis is a widely used tool to describe developmental processes in mammalian cells, filamentous organisms, and plant cells in suspension culture (for review, see Thomas and Paul, 1996).…”