Characterization of phenolic compounds from normal ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora Wall.) using UPLC–DAD–QToF–MS

Abstract

Zingiberaceae is the large diverse family comprised of rhizomatous plants with a higher concentration of phenolic compounds. The normal ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora Wall.) belongs to this family and have similar morphological characteristics of rhizome, but their phenolic composition revealed differently. On this study, the phenolic composition of normal ginger (from Ethiopia and Korea) and black gingers (from Korea and Thailand) were profiled using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF-MS). The result revealed that gingerol-related phenolic acid was detected only in normal gingers while, the methoxyflavones were identified exclusively in black gingers. 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione, and diacetoxy-8-gingerdiol were the major constituents among 18 phenolic acids detected from normal gingers, and 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone were confirmed as predominant constituents among 13 methoxyflavones from black gingers. The total phenolic content was 434.7 and 698.1 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) in Korean and Ethiopian sample, respectively. The total methoxyflavone concentration was 4388.0 mg/100 g DW and 3940.2 mg/100 g DW in Korean and Thai black ginger sample, respectively. The higher concentration of methoxyflavones is from advanced biosynthetic pathway related to accumulated color of black ginger. In addition, new possible structural fragmentation was proposed for gingerol homologous series as additional pathway under the positive ionization mode, and further rationalized that ferulic acid moiety is the biosynthetic precursor. The result suggested that despite the morphological similarity, normal and black ginger showed distinct biosynthetic difference to synthesis their major secondary metabolites.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s0021 7-018-3188-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Graphical AbstractKeywords Kaempferia parviflora Wall. · Phenolic compounds · UPLC-DAD-QToF-MS · Zingiberaceae · Zingiber officinale Rosc.

Polyploidy in the Ginger Family from Thailand

“…Phenolic acids, diarylheptanoids, terpenoids and flavonoids are reported to exist in ginger rhizomes [30]. A list of 72 gingerols and diarylheptanoids derivatives from ginger rhizomes is presented in Asamenew et al [31], and among these compounds, gingerol-and shogaol-related derivatives are the principal medicinally active components contributing to the characteristic pungent flavour of ginger together with essential oil major component, zingerone. These bioactive compounds have been shown in experiments to be effective for inflammatory diseases [32] and osteoarthritis [29], to help induce apoptosis in cancer cells [33] and to show anti-leukaemic effect [34].…”

Polyphenol‐rich Indian ginger cultivars ameliorate GLUT4 activity in C2C12 cells, inhibit diabetes‐related enzymes and LPS‐induced inflammation: An in vitro study

“…Based on the promising results, bioactive compounds were identified in the MPT ginger variety. Eight metabolites such as 8, 10-shogaol, 6, 10-gingerol were identified and characterized based on their elution order in the column, fragment ions at m/z and literature reports (Asamenew et al, 2019). The retention time, molecular formula, m/z value and the area (%) of these bioactive compounds was presented in Table 2, supplementary of ginger extract, it can be utilized in the functional food production (Srivastava et al, 2019).…”

Mitigation of Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens with Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene Expression as its Indicator

“…Zingiber zerumbet (Zz) adalah lempuyang gajah dari keluarga Zingiberaceae. Zingiber officinale Rosc (Jahe) mengandung beberapa senyawa seperti gingerol, gingerdiol dan gingerdione yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat (Asamenew et al 2019). Sementara itu, Zhang et al (2015) melaporkan bahwa suplementasi kurkumin (50, 100 atau 200 mg/kg) signifikan menurunkan ekspresi HSP70 pada ayam broiler yang mengalami stres panas.…”