Characterization of phenolic composition in Carignan noir grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from six wine‐growing sites in Maule Valley, Chile

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Among Chilean varieties, Carignan noir has had a major resurgence due to its rediscovered wine quality potential. For this, the aim of this study was to characterize phenolic composition of grapes grown in six sites from the Maule Valley.

Location effects on ripening and grape phenolic composition of eight ‘Carignan’ vineyards from Maule Valley (Chile)

“…These authors reported that during ripening on 'Carignan' and 'Grenache' grapevine, berry composition is more influenced by terroir in terms of early or late ripening, than bunch uniformity. Besides, Martínez-Gil et al (2017) showed that in the warmer sites planted with 'Carignan' vineyards, the grapes presented a more advanced technological maturation at harvest than the coldest places. Moreover, van Leeuwen et al (2004) reported that ripening speed was more influenced by cultivar and vintage compared to soil factor.…”

“…It is probably that the high temperatures reached in Cur sites, did not allow a greater accumulation of anthocyanins despite having a more rapid grape ripening than the other sites. Besides, Martínez-Gil et al (2017) found that anthocyanins concentration in 'Carignan' grapes at harvest were related to the accumulation of biologically effective degree days. Andrés-de Prado et al (2007) showed that the soils with higher water holding capacity (Whc), produced wines with lower color intensity and shade, as well as lower total phenolic composition than the wines from the rest of soils.…”

“…Edo-Roca et al (2013) studied the effects of terroir in ripening and berry composition in 'Carignan' and 'Grenache' from Tarragona (Spain), reporting that pulp maturity is less influenced by terroir than phenolic maturity, and 'Carignan' does not achieve a complete phenolic ripening in cold mesoclimates. Recently, Martínez-Gil et al (2017) characterized phenolic compounds in 'Carignan' grapes from six sites of the Maule Valley reporting that the synthesis of anthocyanins and flavonols in grapes were related with a high accumulation of biologically effective degree days, while hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols abundance in grapes were related with cooler temperatures during the warmest productive month.…”

“…Maule Valley holds around 600 ha of a total of 722 'Carignan' hectares planted in the country (SAG, 2014). 'Carignan' vineyards are located within the Central Valley and near to the coastal range, thereby differences in wine styles are attributed mainly to variations in climate (Úbeda et al, 2017;Martínez-Gil et al, 2017;Gutiérrez-Gamboa et al, 2018).…”

“…Moreover, flavonoids seem to address neuroprotective action in neurodegenerative diseases by means of different mechanism of action, improving and promoting memory, learning and cognitive functions (Alañon et al, 2017). In this way, several factors influence grape phenolic composition such as variety, degree of grape maturation at harvest, climatic conditions, soil characteristics and viticultural practices (Downey et al, 2006;Martínez-Gil et al, 2017;Gutiérrez-Gamboa et al, 2017).…”