Characterization of Petroleum Compounds Adsorbed on Solids by Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A better understanding of the nature of crude oil compounds that preferentially interact with certain types of solids is essential to visualize solutions to challenges in oil fields, such as enhancing the oil recovery factor, via wettability alteration, and remediating emulsions stabilized by fines, among others. The simplistic assumption that the organic matter linked to hydrophilic solids corresponds to polar fractions (i.e., asphaltenes) needs more compositional detail. In an attempt to elucidate this important issue, in the present work, the organic species from an oil adsorbed on silica, alumina (synthetic solids), bentonite, and kaolinite (clays) were isolated and subsequently identified by infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in atmospheric pressure photoionization positive mode. The solids were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and point of zero charge. Interestingly, the nature of adsorbed compounds depends upon either the surficial charge of the solids or the acidic character of the functional groups. Through both infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, consistent and complementary results were achieved. The preferential adsorption of nitrogen basic compounds on bentonite and kaolinite was evidenced, promoted by the presence of metal–OH groups on the clay surface. Furthermore, that compounds adsorbed on all of the materials had slightly lower aromaticity than asphaltene-type compounds but an important contribution of oxygen compounds, which included sulfone-type compounds not detected in the asphaltene fraction. Highly conjugated aromatic oxygenated species were identified in the adsorbed organic matter by alumina, while oxygenated acidic compounds (carbonyl derivatives) were identified in the extracts recovered from silica, kaolinite, and bentonite.

Chemical Characterization and Interfacial Activity of Molecules Isolated from Brazilian Oils by Adsorption onto Wet Silica Particles

“…Due to the limitations of FTIR in the detection of vibrations of nitrogenous petroleum compounds, these classes of basic nitrogenates are poorly evidenced in the FTIR spectra obtained for IA fractions (Figure ). However, the presence of different classes of basic nitrogenates has also been identified in the composition of fractions of interfacially active bitumen molecules analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. ,, …”

Reconstruction of a Synthetic Crude Oil Using Petroleomics and Molecular Dynamics Simulations: A Multistructural Approach to Understanding Asphaltene Aggregation Behavior

“…The analysis of the sample compositions by FT-ICR-MS was carried out following the procedures reported in a previous study . To this aim, a 15 T SolariX FT-ICR mass spectrometer from Bruker Daltonics (Billerica, MA) in positive APPI mode was used.…”

“…Depending on the proportions of these fractions as well as its tendency to precipitate organic scales, it is possible to classify a crude oil as stable or unstable. , Regardless of the oil, asphaltenes present the greatest challenge due to their influence on the general behavior of crude oil, such as its emulsifying tendency, the precipitation of organic scales, and its viscosity. , Asphaltenes are difficult to characterize because they are defined in terms of their solubility and not their composition. For example, different “asphaltenes” can be obtained from the same crude oil simply by changing the precipitant used. , Several techniques have been employed in asphaltene characterization, such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), − matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF), ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), , and atomic force microscopy (AFM) . These techniques generally focus on establishing average molecular weights, determining functional groups, and subsequently proposing molecular structures containing most of the features observed. − Several papers have been published on this topic, in which almost all available spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques have been employed. − …”

Hacia una estructura de investigación y educación para la prevención de accidentes por incendios y explosiones en Colombianción de accidentes por incendios y explosiones en Colombia

“…Combustibles líquidos (Agudelo et al, 2011;Baldrich & Novoa, 2006;Benjumea et al, 2008;Cacua et al, 2011b;Zuleta et al, 2012) y sólidos(É. Arenas & Chejne, 2004;Blandon et al, 2008;Díez & Pérez, 2017;Jiménez et al, 2012;Orrego et al, 2010;Orrego-Ruiz et al, 2011;Reyes et al, 2003) Fracciones de petróleo (Baldrich Ferrer & Novoa Mantilla, 2007;León et al, 2020;Morantes et al, 2019;Poveda-Jaramillo et al, 2016;Villabona-Estupiñan et al, 2020) Productos de la combustión (Arias et al, 2021;Ávila et al, 2021;Botero et al, 2020Botero et al, , 2021Cadrazco et al, 2019Cadrazco et al, , 2020Johnson-Restrepo et al, 2008;Mendoza et al, 2021;Oliveira et al, 2019;Parga-Lozano et al, 2002;Soriano et al, 2020) Propiedades claves de combustibles como velocidad de llama laminar, las dimensiones y temperatura de la llama, el índice Wobbe, los calores inferiores y superiores de combustión, los límites de inflamabilidad y el punto de rocío (Álvarez et al, 2019;Burbano et al, 2011aBurbano et al, , 2011bCacua et al, 2011b;Y. Cadavid & Amell, 2019;Cala et al, 2013;Cardona Medina et al, 2013;Cardona-Vargas et al, 2020;Cardona Vargas & Amell-Arrieta Andrés Adolfo Arrieta Carlos, 2016;…”