Characterization of particulate matter from the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis

Martı́nez, T.; Lartigue, J.; Ávila-Pérez, Pedro; Carapio-Morales, L.; Zarazua, G.; Navarrete, M.; Tejeda, S.; Cabrera, L.

doi:10.1007/s10967-008-0635-5

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Addition of crustal material at surface mining sites is confirmed by SEM-EDX showing a predominance of aluminosilicate particles in PM collected from MTMinfluenced communities. Aluminosilicates are typically mechanically generated particles (Martinez et al 2008) or resuspended dusts from erosion or the displacement of crustal materials by mining processes and related activities (Slezakova et al 2008). A greater fraction of S, Ca, Na, and Cl particles in PM collected from control sites indicates elevated secondary PM from combustion sources and potentially marine sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instrument conditions included an accelerating voltage of 20 kv, a 15-mm working distance, and a 100-s live time for X-ray acquisition on uncoated samples, to analyze particles ranging in size from 1 to 20 lm. A systematic approach was used to select particles for analysis and elemental concentrations were obtained for approximately 100 particles per filter, as validated by previous studies (Martinez et al 2008). Relative elemental weight percentages were normalized to 100 % to correct for the contribution of the PTFE filter and brass holder stub materials (Cu, Zn).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: sources and potential environmental and human health impacts

Kurth

Kolker

Engle

et al. 2014

Environ Geochem Health

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Mountaintop removal mining (MTM) is a widely used approach to surface coal mining in the US Appalachian region whereby large volumes of coal overburden are excavated using explosives, removed, and transferred to nearby drainages below MTM operations. To investigate the air quality impact of MTM, the geochemical characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from five surface mining sites in south central West Virginia, USA, and five in-state study control sites having only underground coal mining or no coal mining whatsoever were determined and compared. Epidemiologic studies show increased rates of cancer, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality in Appalachian surface mining areas compared to Appalachian non-mining areas. In the present study, 24-h coarse (>2.5 µm) and fine (≤2.5 µm) PM samples were collected from two surface mining sites in June 2011 showed pronounced enrichment in elements having a crustal affinity (Ga, Al, Ge, Rb, La, Ce) contributed by local sources, relative to controls. Follow-up sampling in August 2011 lacked this enrichment, suggesting that PM input from local sources is intermittent. Using passive samplers, dry deposition total PM elemental fluxes calculated for three surface mining sites over multi-day intervals between May and August 2012 were 5.8 ± 1.5 times higher for crustal elements than at controls. Scanning microscopy of 2,249 particles showed that primary aluminosilicate PM was prevalent at surface mining sites compared to secondary PM at controls. Additional testing is needed to establish any link between input of lithogenic PM and disease rates in the study area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: sources and potential environmental and human health impacts

Kurth

Kolker

Engle

et al. 2014

Environ Geochem Health

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“…S2) are primarily composed of Si, Al, and Ca; Si, Al, K, and Si; or Si, Al, and Fe (Kurth et al, 2014), which were originally associated with either combustion (Slezakova et al, 2008;Pipal et al, 2011) or crustal processes (Martinez et al, 2008). These particles are abundant and have diverse morphological characteristics.…”

Section: Particles Morphology Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Air Pollution around the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite Mine Region, Southwest China

Cheng

Huang

Liu

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated variations in air quality by evaluating trace gases, inhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ), and associated trace elements at three sites in Panzhihua (a mining city located in Panxi Rift Valley, Southwest China) between January and December 2014. The concentrations of 19 trace elements in PM 10 were determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Single particle morphology and chemical composition were determined through scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to identify their possible sources. Mean sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide concentrations were highest near the steel smelting district, whereas ozone concentrations were highest in the residential region. Annual mean concentrations of PM 10 at three sites were 129.4, 165.5, and 187.2 µg m -3 ; all these exceed the annual mean (70.0 µg m -3 ) of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. In addition, the concentrations of trace elements in PM 10 exhibited significant spatial and seasonal variations at the three sites. The mean concentrations of trace elements in PM 10 were in the order of Fe > Ti > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Ba > V > Cr > Ni > Sr > Bi > Cd > As > Co > Sb > Sc > TI > U. The enrichment factor values of the trace elements suggested that anthropogenic activities were the dominant sources of As, Cd, Sb, Ti, TI, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Bi. Particle morphology and chemical composition analysis revealed five major particle types, namely aluminosilicate, Fe-containing, mineral, soot, and Ca-containing particles.

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“…Aluminosilicates were irregularly shaped, coarse particles with high concentrations of Al and Si along with other elements (S, Fe, Ca, K, Na) originating from soil (Ebert & Weinbrunch, 2000;Feng et al, 2009). AlSi with S, Fe, and Ca were typically mechanically-generated particles formed by crushing or grinding activities or the result of road, construction, farming, or mining activities (Martinez et al, 2008). Other AlSi particles were from clays and resuspended dust due to erosion of geological formations (Slezakova et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The working distance between the lower piece of the objective lens and the electron plane was set to 15mm and live time was set to 100 seconds for X-ray acquisition on the uncoated samples. Elements with weight percents less than 1% were not specified because they were below the EDX detection limit (Martinez et al 2008). An analysis of a blank PTFE coated glass fiber filter revealed large amounts of carbon (M=221,790 ppm, SD=112,182) and fluorine (M=873,967ppm, SD=173,607) in the filter (Figure 10).…”

Section: Sampling Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Mountaintop Mining and Non-mining Areas in West Virginia with Known Health Differences

Kurth¹

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Introduction: Mortality and morbidity rates in the Appalachian region are higher than in the national population. People who live in Appalachian areas where coal mining is prominent have increased health problems compared to people in non-mining areas of Appalachia. Health disparities remain higher in mining areas even after adjusting for lifestyle and demographic effects illustrating that additional factors, such as environmental influences, are associated with adverse health outcomes. Coal mines and coal mining activities result in the production of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), which is associated with environmental and human health effects. Environmental studies of air and water quality in southwest West Virginia provide evidence of air contamination and surface and ground water contamination around coal mining areas, including mountaintop mining (MTM) sites. However, there is a gap in research regarding characterization of PM around MTM areas and the health effects from PM in MTM areas. The objective of this project was to assess the potential health hazard of PM by characterizing atmospheric PM in coal and non-mining areas to identify PM elemental composition, concentration, size distribution to determine inhaled deposited dose, and environmental dry deposition. Methods/Results: In the first study, particle size distribution and concentration data were collected to calculate deposited lung dose at MTM and non-mining sites. This study was divided into two parts to examine variability in particle size distribution and concentration measurements within sampling areas and seasonal variability within and between MTM and non-mining sites was evaluated. Particle number concentrations and deposited lung dose were elevated around the MTM sites demonstrating elevated risk to humans. In the second study, a primary analysis of semi-quantitative data was conducted to identify the most abundant elements contributing to coarse PM at MTM and non-mining sites. Crustal elements dominated all samples and MTM sites had elevated siliceous materials and the non-mining PM was primarily from combustion sources. The final study quantified environmental dry deposition for inorganic materials at mining and non-mining sites. Results from this study revealed the mining sites contained elevated flux estimates and elevated concentrations of crustal and anthropogenic inorganic materials. Conclusions: Atmospheric PM at the MTM areas in this study pose an increased hazard to human health due to elevated dose to human lungs, particle count, and chemical composition. This research extends exposure assessment literature by directly estimating the inhaled dose and concentration of particles that residents of high disease rate areas receive. Furthermore, threats to the environment were noted due to elevated dry environmental deposition flux estimates for elements in PM depositing in the environment around mining areas. Our findings demonstrate the need to address air quality issues and regulate mining-related sources of PM in MTM areas to...

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Characterization of particulate matter from the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: sources and potential environmental and human health impacts

Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: sources and potential environmental and human health impacts

Assessment of Air Pollution around the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite Mine Region, Southwest China

Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Mountaintop Mining and Non-mining Areas in West Virginia with Known Health Differences

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