Characterization of oxide films grown on 316L stainless steel exposed to H2O2-containing supercritical water

Gao, Xin; Wu, Xiaohu; Zhang, Zhaoen; Guan, H. R.; Han, En‐Hou

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2006.12.020

Cited by 117 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, it could be inferred that the oxide film is made up of two layers: the outer layer is mainly composed of iron-enriched oxides, and the inner layer is mainly composed of iron-enriched and chromium-enriched oxides. [25][26][27] XPS technique was used to further investigate the chemical compositions of the oxide film. 27 The XPS O(1s) spectra of the 316L stainless steel surface after being polished with the slurries containing different concentrations of H 2 O 2 are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Stainless Steel as Solar Cell Substrate

Jiang

Yang

2015

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Recently, stainless steel has been widely used as the solar cell substrate. In this paper, chemical mechanical polishing technique was employed to prepare the ultra-smooth 316L stainless steel surface for such application. The effects of solid content, pH, H 2 O 2 and benzotriazole (BTA) on the polishing performance of 316L stainless steel were investigated. The results indicated that, at pH 4.00, with the increase in the H 2 O 2 concentration, the MRR first dramatically increases due to the fact that, with the addition of small amount of H 2 O 2 , a porous outer layer mainly consisting of iron-enriched oxides with relatively low mechanical strength of the bilayer-structure oxide film is rapidly formed on the surface. After reaching the maximum value, the MRR gradually decreases since the outer layer gradually grows compact by the transformation of γ-FeOOH into α-FeOOH and even into α-Fe 2 O 3 . With the addition of BTA, the MRR can be suppressed, which is probably attributed to the formation of BTA passivating film on the top surface. Finally, a two-step polishing method was proposed, by which the ultra-smooth 316L stainless steel surface with the surface roughness R a about 2.0 nm can be achieved within 30 min and it can be subsequently used for thin-film solar cells. Stainless steel plays an important role in the mechanical industry due to the excellent mechanical properties, the high thermostability and the strong corrosion resistance. Recently, various types of stainless steels have been intensively used in precise devices, 1-4 especially been used as the substrate for thin-film solar cells. [5][6][7][8][9][10] In order to achieve satisfactory performance of solar cells, low roughness, low defects as well as excellent flatness of the stainless steel substrate are intensively demanded and even indispensable. It is reported that, by improving the surface roughness of stainless steel substrate from 38 nm to 23 nm, the conversion efficiency of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells can greatly increase to 5.4%. 10 As is revealed, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) combines the synergetic effects of chemical corrosion and mechanical abrasion, and can achieve both local and global planarization of the substrate surface. 11-14Hu et al.2 used colloidal silica as the abrasive and investigated the effects of pH and oxidizer on the polishing performance of stainless steel, and it was reported that the combination of oxidizer and strong acidity was the prerequisite for high material removal rate (MRR). However, the microscopic defects of 1-2 μm in size cannot be effectively avoided on the polished surface. Lee et al.10 used electrochemical mechanical polishing technique, which applied an additional anodic potential on the stainless steel substrate besides CMP, to polish the stainless steel surface, and it was reported that the polished surface roughness was reduced from about 38 nm to about 23 nm. However, more detailed polishing performance and the mechanism of chemical reactions during the polishing pr...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Stainless Steel as Solar Cell Substrate

Jiang

Yang

2015

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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“…According to the potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the system chromiumwater at 298 K, at relatively negative potential, pH 3.8 is the limit line between the corrosion and passivation regions of Cr. 47) Simultaneously, the hydrolysis of Fe 2+ contributed to the penetration of chloride ions into the Cr compounds behind the rust layer, which caused the hydrolysis of Cr 3+ and the localized pH decrease inside of the concentration cell. 5456) At a sufficiently low Cr content in the steel, H + ions had sufficient time to diffuse partly into the bulk solution; therefore, the pH in the concentration cell was kept higher than 3.8.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloying Effect of Chromium on the Corrosion Behavior of Low-Alloy Steels

Park

Kim

2013

Mater. Trans.

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Alloying effect of Cr in the interaction with other elements in low alloy steel for corrosion resistance was designed and prepared. The corrosion behavior of the alloy immersed in mild acidchloride solution (200 atomic ppm Cl ¹ and pH 4) at room temperature in an ambient condition has been studied by electrochemical laboratory tests (potentiodynamic polarization test, potentiostatic test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and surface analyses (SEM, XPS). The results reveal that Cr addition improved the localized corrosion resistance by promoting the formation of beneficial Fe and Cu compounds on the protective films of 0.1 and 0.3 mass% Cr steels. However, the over-alloying circumstance in 0.5 mass% Cr steel caused the negative effect of Cr addition due to metal chloride-induced hydrolysis which accelerated the propagation of the localized corrosion. To summarize, 0.3 mass% Cr addition was determined to be the optimum value for alloying to blank steel.

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“…The higher is the process temperature, the more discontinued is the oxide layer on the surface [59]. While increasing the process temperature over the cycles, the oxide phase is modified.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Coke Deposit On Chemical Reactors Of Varmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

Gascoin¹,

Gillard²,

Bernard³

et al. 2008

Fuel Processing Technology

103

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The active cooling of the Supersonic Combustion Ramjet engine, for hypersonic flight purpose, is ensured thanks to fuel, n-dodecane for the present study. The endothermic fuel pyrolysis, starting above 800 K, could generate an unwanted coke formation. Experimental tests up to 1125 K and between 1 MPa and 6 MPa have been performed on the hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis to evaluate the coking activity. 316L stainless steel, low carbon steel and titanium reactors have been considered. A witness of the coke formation, based on its thermal insulation and pressure loss effects, has been found. A correlation between methane production and coke deposit was found. The coke has been studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The porosity, the density and the permeability of the coke have been estimated.

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Characterization of oxide films grown on 316L stainless steel exposed to H2O2-containing supercritical water

Cited by 117 publications

References 26 publications

Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Stainless Steel as Solar Cell Substrate

Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Stainless Steel as Solar Cell Substrate

Alloying Effect of Chromium on the Corrosion Behavior of Low-Alloy Steels

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

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