Characterization of Novel Reassortant Influenza A (H5N2) Viruses Isolated from Poultry in Eastern China, 2015

Wu, Haibo; Lu, Rufeng; Peng, Xiuming; Peng, Xiaorong; Cheng, Linfang; Liu, Fumin; Wu, Nanping

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00741

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The novel re-assortant H5 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 virus (H5N2) caused an outbreak in poultry farms in British Columbia, Canada, during November 2014. It was subsequently discovered in the US in wild waterfowl, raptors, and backyard poultry, including domestic ducks and geese [ 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Iav Evolution and Underlying Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment

Shao

Goraya

et al. 2017

IJMS

264

214

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Influenza A virus (IAV), a highly infectious respiratory pathogen, has continued to be a significant threat to global public health. To complete their life cycle, influenza viruses have evolved multiple strategies to interact with a host. A large number of studies have revealed that the evolution of influenza A virus is mainly mediated through the mutation of the virus itself and the re-assortment of viral genomes derived from various strains. The evolution of influenza A virus through these mechanisms causes worldwide annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Importantly, influenza A virus can evolve from an animal infected pathogen to a human infected pathogen. The highly pathogenic influenza virus has resulted in stupendous economic losses due to its morbidity and mortality both in human and animals. Influenza viruses fall into a category of viruses that can cause zoonotic infection with stable adaptation to human, leading to sustained horizontal transmission. The rapid mutations of influenza A virus result in the loss of vaccine optimal efficacy, and challenge the complete eradication of the virus. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of influenza A virus evolution caused by the mutation and re-assortment of viral genomes. In addition, we discuss the specific mechanisms by which the virus evolves.

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Section: Iav Evolution and Underlying Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment

Shao

Goraya

et al. 2017

IJMS

264

214

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“…Cloacal swabs ( n = 72) were collected from apparently healthy poultry in a LPM in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, on January 6, 2017. Each sample was inoculated into the allantoic cavities of 9-day-old specific pathogen-free embryonated eggs as described previously [ 27 , 28 ]. After incubation at 37 °C for 72 h, the allantoic fluid was harvested and viral titers were determined by hemagglutination assay using a standard method, as described previously [ 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reverse transcription was performed using the Uni12 primer: 5′–AGCAAAAGCAGG–3′. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted using a One-Step RNA PCR Kit (TaKaRa, China) as described previously [ 28 ]. All segments were amplified with previously described segment–specific primers [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequences were analyzed using BioEdit DNA software version 7.0.9.0. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 6.0, applying the maximum likelihood method and the Tamura–Nei model with bootstrap analysis (1000 replicates) as described previously [ 28 , 30 ]. The nucleotide sequences were deposited into GenBank under the accession numbers: MG063430–45.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and characterization of novel reassortant H6N1 avian influenza viruses from chickens in Eastern China

Yang

Liu

et al. 2018

Virol J

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BackgroundThe H6N1 subtype of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can infect people with an influenza-like illness; the H6N1 viruses possess the ability for zoonotic transmission from avians into mammals, and possibly pose a threat to human health.MethodsIn 2017, live poultry markets (LPMs) in Zhejiang Province were surveyed for AIVs. To better understand the genetic relationships between these strains from Eastern China and other AIVs, all gene segments of these strains were sequenced and compared with sequences available in GenBank. In this study, we analyzed the receptor-binding specificity, antigenic characteristics, and pathogenicity of these two H6N1 viruses.ResultsIn 2017, two H6N1 AIVs were isolated from chickens during surveillance for AIVs in LPMs in Eastern China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains shared genetic characteristics from H6, H10, H1, and H4 AIVs found in ducks and wild birds in East Asia. These AIV strains were able to replicate in mice without prior adaptation.ConclusionsIn this study, we report the discovery of new strains of H6N1 viruses from chickens with novel gene reassortments. Our results suggest that these chickens play an important role generating novel reassortments in AIVs, and emphasize the need for continued surveillance of AIV strains circulating in poultry.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1063-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…89 There are multiple studies showing that HPAIVs and LPAIVs do not cause clinical symptoms in naïve swine. 87–91 Microscopic pathological analysis does reveal some cellular infiltrates, along with minor macroscopic lesions, but replication in these hosts does not permit transmission to naïve pigs. 87 In addition, co-housing poultry that were infected with HPAIVs were not able to transmit the virus to naïve pigs.…”

Section: Transmission Of Hpaiv Into Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of H5Nx avian influenza viruses

Nuñez

Ross

2019

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), originating from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5 subtype, naturally circulate in wild-bird populations, particularly waterfowl, and often spill over to infect domestic poultry. Occasionally, humans are infected with HPAVI H5N1 resulting in high mortality, but no sustained human-to-human transmission. In this review, the replication cycle, pathogenicity, evolution, spread, and transmission of HPAIVs of H5Nx subtypes, along with the host immune responses to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) infection and potential vaccination, are discussed. In addition, the potential mechanisms for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) H5 Reassorted Viruses H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, H5N8 (H5Nx) viruses to transmit, infect, and adapt to the human host are reviewed.

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Characterization of Novel Reassortant Influenza A (H5N2) Viruses Isolated from Poultry in Eastern China, 2015

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment

Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment

Isolation and characterization of novel reassortant H6N1 avian influenza viruses from chickens in Eastern China

A review of H5Nx avian influenza viruses

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