Characterization of norovirus infections in Seoul, Korea

Park, Sanghun; Jung, Ji-Hun; Oh, Seah; Jung, Hyowon; Oh, Youjin; Cho, Seokju; Cho, SeogJu; Cho, Sung-Ja; Park, Hyongsug; Jo, Namsook; Bae, Kyungwon; Choi, Sung-Min; Kim, Bog-Soon; Kim, Jung-Hun; Chae, Young‐Zoo; Jung, Haesook; Cheon, Doo‐Sung; Kim, Hyunsoo

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00494.x

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, all HAstV genotypes from effluent samples except HAstV-6 were also found in the clinical samples; HAstV-6 was rarely found in previous epidemiological studies (46)(47)(48). All NoV GI genotypes except NoV GI.5 identified in WWTP effluent samples were also found in clinical samples; NoV GI.5 has frequently been isolated worldwide in both clinical studies (49,50) and environmental studies (42,51,52). The only NoV GII genotype which was found in WWTP effluents and not in stool samples was NoV GII.20, which was also found in previous epidemiological studies (53,54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Prévost

Lucas

Ambert-Balay³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cAlthough clinical epidemiology lists human enteric viruses to be among the primary causes of acute gastroenteritis in the human population, their circulation in the environment remains poorly investigated. These viruses are excreted by the human population into sewers and may be released into rivers through the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to evaluate the viral diversity and loads in WWTP effluents of the Paris, France, urban area, which includes about 9 million inhabitants (approximately 15% of the French population), the seasonal occurrence of astroviruses and noroviruses in 100 WWTP effluent samples was investigated over 1 year. The coupling of these measurements with a high-throughput sequencing approach allowed the specific estimation of the diversity of human astroviruses (human astrovirus genotype 1 [HAstV-1], HAstV-2, HAstV-5, and HAstV-6), 7 genotypes of noroviruses (NoVs) of genogroup I (NoV GI.1 to NoV GI.6 and NoV GI.8), and 16 genotypes of NoVs of genogroup II (NoV GII.1 to NoV GII.7, NoV GII.9, NoV GII.12 to NoV GII.17, NoV GII.20, and NoV GII.21) in effluent samples. Comparison of the viral diversity in WWTP effluents to the viral diversity found by analysis of clinical data obtained throughout France underlined the consistency between the identified genotypes. However, some genotypes were locally present in effluents and were not found in the analysis of the clinical data. These findings could highlight an underestimation of the diversity of enteric viruses circulating in the human population. Consequently, analysis of WWTP effluents could allow the exploration of viral diversity not only in environmental waters but also in a human population linked to a sewerage network in order to better comprehend viral epidemiology and to forecast seasonal outbreaks.T he epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis is mainly evaluated through the use of clinical data. However, clinical data provide only a partial vision of the gastroenteritis viruses circulating in the human population. Indeed, many viral infections do not require specialized consultations or hospitalizations and so are not directly included in clinical statistics. As a consequence, these data sets offer a limited view of the diversity and occurrence of enteric viruses in the human population.Human astroviruses (HAstVs) and noroviruses (NoVs) are among the main causes of human acute gastroenteritis worldwide (1, 2). HAstVs and NoVs are nonenveloped viruses and have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The genome of HAstV is composed of three open reading frames (ORFs), and ORF2, encoding the capsid protein precursor, allows discrimination of eight genotypes of HAstV, HAstV-1 to HAstV-8 (3). The genome of NoV is also composed of three ORFs, and genotyping based on the genetic similarity of ORF2 and ORF3 allows discrimination of 9 genotypes of NoV genogroup I (NoV GI) and 22 genotypes of NoV genogroup II (NoV GII), which are the most common genogroups associated with human infections.HAstVs and NoVs are able to infect i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Prévost

Lucas

Ambert-Balay³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…NoV GII.13, with few reports in the literature, has been associated with outbreaks and hospitalization of children in different countries [28][29][30]. The GII.15 genotype has been responsible for outbreaks in Japan, Turkey, and China [31][32][33], and GI.1 was associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases in countries such as South Korea, India, and Italy [34][35][36]. Due to the larger number of outbreaks, a strategy for NoV molecular characterization used in this study selected one sample/outbreak, not allowing the evaluation of occurrence of different genotypes/outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Noroviruses associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2004–2011

Andrade

Rocha

Carvalho-Costa

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…There are three key observations: (1) young children aged ≤5 years accounted for a majority (>60%) of norovirus GII.4 and non-GII.4 infections requiring hospitalization, extending the findings of our previous study12; (2) non-GII.4 genotypes accounted for 20.5% and 9.2% of hospitalized cases of young children aged ≤5 years and older adults aged >65 years, respectively; and (3) both GII.4 and non-GII.4 infections exhibited indistinguishably high noroviral load (both with median Ct values of 16.6) in young children aged ≤5 years. It has long been recognized that there is a high degree of norovirus genotype diversity in young children1617. With the recent advancement in the development of monovalent and bivalent norovirus vaccines81819, one important unanswered question is whether to include a second genotype together with the contemporarily predominant GII.4 genotype as a vaccine component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Genotype Distribution and Virus Burden in Children and Adults Hospitalized for Norovirus Gastroenteritis, 2012–2014, Hong Kong

Chan

Leung

Chung

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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We conducted a 2-year hospital-based study on norovirus gastroenteritis among children and adults between August 2012 and September 2014. A total of 1,146 norovirus cases were identified. Young children (aged ≤ 5 years) accounted for a majority (53.3%) of cases. Hospitalization incidence exhibited a U-shaped pattern with the highest rate in young children (1,475 per 100,000 person-years), followed by the elderly aged > 84 years (581 per 100,000 person-years). A subset (n = 395, 34.5%) of cases were selected for norovirus genotyping and noroviral load measurement. Non-GII.4 infections were more commonly observed in young children than in older adults (aged > 65 years) (20.5% versus 9.2%; p < 0.05). In young children, the median noroviral load of GII.4 and non-GII.4 cases was indistinguishably high (cycle threshold value, median [interquartile range]: 16.6 [15.2–19.3] versus 16.6 [14.9–21.6]; p = 0.45). Two age-specific non-GII.4 genotypes (GII.3 and GII.6) were identified among young children. These findings may have implications in norovirus vaccination strategy.

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Characterization of norovirus infections in Seoul, Korea

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method

Noroviruses associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2004–2011

Virus Genotype Distribution and Virus Burden in Children and Adults Hospitalized for Norovirus Gastroenteritis, 2012–2014, Hong Kong

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