Characterization of Neisseria meningitidis in Vietnam from 1980s–2019

Abstract

catarrhalis. 16 who died were on palliative care with no treatment.12 had terminal cancer,10 end stage COPD, 3 end stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 2 ischemic bowel,1 anoxic brain injury and 1 with end stage muscular disabilities. All respiratory isolates tested (103/103) 100%, were susceptible to trimehoprim/sulphametoxasole with susceptibility to levofloxacin 98/103 (95.4%), ceftazidime 27/91 (29.7%) and ticarcilin/clavulanic acid 27/101 (26.7%).Conclusion: Majority of SM respiratory infections were polymicrobial, in elderly, with significant comorbidities, terminal illnesses and associated with endotracheal tubes and traheostomies in a significant number. Most deaths could not be directly attributable to SM.

Review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of invasive meningococcal disease in Vietnam

“…Pediatric populations were included in five studies. 13–17 Seven studies 12–16 , 18 , 19 reported epidemiologic outcomes ( Table 1 ) and information was identified on annual meningococcal meningitis case numbers from the Vietnam Medical Association. 20 Six studies 12 , 16 − 19 , 21 reported antibiotic susceptibility outcomes ( Table 2 ).…”

“… 13–17 Seven studies 12–16 , 18 , 19 reported epidemiologic outcomes ( Table 1 ) and information was identified on annual meningococcal meningitis case numbers from the Vietnam Medical Association. 20 Six studies 12 , 16 − 19 , 21 reported antibiotic susceptibility outcomes ( Table 2 ). Disease management in adults was reported in one study 12 ( Table 3 ) with additional data from the Vietnam Medical Association, 20 while information from a pediatric hospital case study 22 or experts 23 reported on childhood management issues.…”

Invasive Meningococcal Disease Remains a Health Threat in Vietnam People’s Army

“… 14–17 Another study in civil patients in Southern Vietnam revealed 3 out of 11 isolates were resistant and 5 out of 8 isolates intermediated to CIP (0.19 mg/L) and PEN (0.25 mg/L), respectively. 9 We assumed the efficacy of the treatment was maintained by ciprofloxacin.…”

“… 3 Appropriate and continued monitoring is critical for accurate case management. 4 After an outbreak of IMD serogroup C between 1977 and 1979, 5 only a few sporadic cases have been reported, 6–8 noting the increasing number of NM serogroup B, 9 while the efficacy of current licensed meningococcal B vaccines in the Asian population remains controversial. 10 …”

“… 12 Strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (PEN) have been reported worldwide, 13–16 but resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was considered rare. 15–17 Data from Vietnam show a few sporadic cases with NM strains resistant to CIP (0.19 mg/L) and PEN (0.25 mg/L), 9 whereas resistance to ceftriaxone – a commonly prescribed empiric antibiotic – has not been reported.…”