Characterization of NDM-1-Producing Carbapenemase in Proteus mirabilis among Broilers in China

Abstract

Carbapenem-resistant pathogens mediated by metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) have spread worldwide, where NDM-1 is a typical and key MBL. Here, we firstly discussed the distribution characterization of NDM-1, which produces multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis among broilers in China. From January to April 2019, 40 (18.1%, 40/221) blaNDM-1-carrying P. mirabilis strains were recovered from commercial broilers in slaughterhouse B in China. All the isolates were resistant to imipenem, meropenem and other β-lactams. These isolates belong to five clusters identified via pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Further studies on twenty representative strains revealed that seven blaNDM-1 genes were located on plasmids with sizes of 104.5–138.9 kb. Notably, only three strains (PB72, PB96 and PB109) were successfully transferred to Escherichia coli J53, while the other four isolates were located in nontransferable plasmids. The rest were harbored in chromosomes. Ulteriorly, based on whole genome sequencing (WGS), these twenty isolates showed four typical phylogenetic clades according to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a core genome and presented four main genomic backbone profiles, in which type II/III strains shared a similar genetic context. All of the above is evidence of blaNDM-1 transmission and evolution in P. mirabilis, suggesting that the prevalence may be more diverse in broiler farms. Accordingly, as intestinal and environmental symbiotic pathogens, blaNDM-1-positive P. mirabilis will pose greater threats to the environment and public health.

Genetic characteristics of chromosomally integrated carbapenemase gene (blaNDM−1) in isolates of Proteus mirabilis

“…In this study, the strains detected drug resistance genes containing most commonly used antimicrobial drugs, and the resistance phenotype showed highly resistance, which is consistent with the results of recent studies [ 27 – 29 ], which indicates that the resistance has been increasing in recent years. Moreover, a comparison of the bacterium’s resistance phenotype and genotype reveals a correlation between most drug resistances and the carried resistance genes.…”

“…Therefore, we propose that the composite integron containing bla NDM−1 gene may have been integrated into the ICE (MDR region 2) transposon through IS sequences, subsequently transposing into the chromosome. This mode of transfer was previously observed in Proteus mirabilis isolated from livestock and food sources, where the chromosome-encoded bla NDM−1 gene was reported [ 2 , 27 , 29 ]. However, to our knowledge, this phenomenon is not common in CR-PMI strain isolated from human specimens.…”

Occurrence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Cre) Abhorring Bla Imp, Bla Kpc And Bla Oxa-48 Genes Recovered From Ready -To- Dispose Poultry Wastes In Osogbo, Osun State

“…The authors identified blaNDM in 21.8% of the E. coli isolates, 7.4% on K. pneumoniae while 3.9% in E. cloacae, with respect to different variants of blaNDM−5, blaNDM−9, blaNDM−1, and blaNDM−7. P. mirabilis with blaNDM, blaOXA−1, blaOXA−10 genes were isolated from chicken in their slaughter houses and chicken farms according to the study of (32). In addition, (33) also reported blaNDM-1 in isolates P. mirabilis in broiler chickens.…”

Drug resistance analysis of three types of avian-origin carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Shandong Province, China

“…An important factor of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is bacteria's tendency to carry resistance-related genes ( Song et al., 2020 ; Liu et al., 2021b ; Wang et al., 2021a ; Liu et al., 2023 ). In past studies, the bla NDM gene has often been observed in poultry and poultry environments ( Hamza et al, 2016 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ), while other resistance-related genes, including bla KPC , bla IMP , and bla VIM-2 , have also appeared in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria ( Bocharova et al, 2020 ; Algammal et al, 2021 ; Elmonir et al., 2021 ). In our study, all CRE strains carried genes encoding carbapenemases, and we observed detection rates of 91.7% (11/12) for bla NDM and 58.3% (7/12) for bla OXA .…”