Characterization of Nanothermite Material for Solid-Fuel Microthruster Applications

Apperson, Steven J.; Bezmelnitsyn, Andrey; Thiruvengadathan, Rajagopalan; Gangopadhyay, Keshab; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra; Balas, Wendy; Anderson, Paul E.; Nicolich, Steven

doi:10.2514/1.43206

Cited by 82 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For other systems, gunpowder propellants [225], nonmetalized [226] and metalized [223] composite propellants, metalized pyrolants (Zr/ KClO 4 [223], boron/KNO 3 [227]), and novel high-nitrogen materials [228] have been suggested. Several nanothermites, including Al/CuO and Al/Bi 2 O 3 , have been recently considered and show promising results for microthruster applications [148,229,230]. Apperson et al revealed that the density of nanothermites is an effective parameter for thruster operation, changing the combustion regime and defining the duration [230].…”

Section: Progress In Additive Manufacturing Of Energetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Energetic Materials: Creating the Reactive Microstructures with High Potential of Applications

Muravyev

Моногаров

Schaller

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The modern “energetic‐on‐a‐chip” trend envisages reducing size and cost while increasing safety and maintaining the performance of energetic articles. However, the fabrication of reactive structures at micro‐ and nanoscales remains a challenge due to the spatial limitations of traditional tools and technologies. These mature techniques, such as melt casting or slurry curing, represent the formative approach to design as distinct from the emerging additive manufacturing (3D printing). The present review discusses various methods of additive manufacturing based on their governing principles, robustness, sample throughput, feasible compositions and available geometries. For chemical composition, nanothermites are among the most promising systems due to their high ignition fidelity and energetic performance. Applications of reactive microstructures are highlighted, including initiators, thrusters, gun propellants, caseless ammunition, joining and biocidal agents. A better understanding of the combustion and detonation phenomena at the micro‐ and nanoscale along with the advancement of deposition technologies will bring further developments in this field, particularly for the design of micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and propellant grains with improved performance.

show abstract

Section: Progress In Additive Manufacturing Of Energetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Energetic Materials: Creating the Reactive Microstructures with High Potential of Applications

Muravyev

Моногаров

Schaller

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High energy nanomaterials such as nanothermites [29][30][31][32] and Al nanoparticles [33][34][35][36] have been a topic of increasing research for applications as propellants and explosives [37][38][39][40][41][42]. It is well known that a strong correlation often exists between the energy density of a nanomaterial and its sensitivity; a related issue is that nanoparticles are strongly driven to agglomerate and densify, owing to their relatively high surface free energies [43].…”

Section: Ii12 Synthesis and Functionalization Of Aluminum Nanopartimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Engineered Energetic Materials (NEEM)

Dlott¹,

Eden²,

Girolami³

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. The ARO Nano Engineered Energetic Materials (NEEM) MURI program has been exploring new methodologies for developing energetic material formulations with control of all constituents over a wide range of length scales from 1 nm to 1 mm and larger and employing the latest techniques in molecular self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry for synthesizing and assembling NEEMs. The synthetic efforts have been guided by theoretical calculations and dynamic performance testing methodologies that also operate on all length scales. This final report ABSTRACTThe ARO Nano Engineered Energetic Materials (NEEM) MURI program has been exploring new methodologies for developing energetic material formulations with control of all constituents over a wide range of length scales from 1 nm to 1 mm and larger and employing the latest techniques in molecular self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry for synthesizing and assembling NEEMs. The synthetic efforts have been guided by theoretical calculations and dynamic performance testing methodologies that also operate on all length scales. This final report provides a summary of the accomplishments. In particular, new methods to generate metal nanoclusters were developed that are stabilized against environmental degradation while preserving their high energy content. Rapid expansion supercritical solution processes were developed and applied to synthesize nanosized particulate oxidizers and energetic oxidizer shell/fuel core composites. Surface science and experimental chemistry methods were applied to study the structures and energy releasing reaction pathways of NEEMs. Unique diagnostic capabilities were developed and applied to study the fundamental mechanisms that underlie NEEM dynamic performance. Combustion mechanisms of various NEEMs, including nanothermites and nanoparticulate fuel/liquid oxidizer systems, were experimentally analyzed. The reactive and thermal characteristics of NEEMs were studied using large (billion atoms) multiscale simulations that couple quantum-mechanical calculations to molecular dynamics calculations. In particular, the stability, structure and energetics of metallic nanoparticles with a special focus on the relationships between particle size, shape and excess surface free energy were studied. A unified theory of ignition and combustion of aluminum particles for a wide range of sizes, from nano to meso scales was established. . 12, 777-787 (2010 (b) Papers published in non-peer-reviewed journals or in conference proceedings (N/A for none)18.00 Number of Papers published in peer-reviewed journals:Number of Papers published in non peer-reviewed journals:1. USC group, "Multibillion-atom simulations of nano-mechano-chemistry on petaflops computers," First

show abstract

“…Advances in nanotechnology over the past few decades have led to the production of energetic materials with nanoscale features. These so-called nanoenergetic materials (also known as metastable intermolecular composites, or MICs [1]) have been shown to exhibit superior performance as compared to their more traditional counterparts for applications such as actuation [2] and thrust generation [3][4][5], as well as when serving as additives for composite solid propellants [6]. One class of materials in this category are nanoscale thermites (or simply nanothermites) which are comprised of metal nanoparticles, which serve as the fuel, and metal oxide nanoparticles, which serve as the oxidizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Confinement on the Fracturing Performance of Printed Nanothermites

Westphal

Murray

McConnell

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanothermites have shown the potential to controllably fracture substrates in applications such as electromechanical systems security. In prior work, both equivalence ratio and material formulation have been varied to tailor fracturing performance. In this paper, material confinement was utilized to further tailor the fracturing performance of aluminum bismuth (III) oxide (Al/Bi2O3) and aluminum copper (II) oxide (Al/CuO) nanothermites. These nanothermites were selectively deposited onto representative substrates through inkjet printing. Al/Bi2O3 nanothermites were prepared over a range of equivalence ratios and showed a range of resulting fragmentation, with a maximum near the equivalence ratio of ϕ=2. Burning rate measurements correlated with the trends seen in these experiments. All of the previous attempts at fragmenting a substrate using unconfined Al/CuO were unsuccessful. The prepared Al/CuO nanothermites at stoichiometric conditions resulted in fractured silicon substrates when confined. These results demonstrate the ability of confinement to further tailor the fracturing performance of nanothermites.

show abstract

Characterization of Nanothermite Material for Solid-Fuel Microthruster Applications

Cited by 82 publications

References 11 publications

Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Energetic Materials: Creating the Reactive Microstructures with High Potential of Applications

Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Energetic Materials: Creating the Reactive Microstructures with High Potential of Applications

Nano Engineered Energetic Materials (NEEM)

The Effects of Confinement on the Fracturing Performance of Printed Nanothermites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About