Characterization of Nanomaterials Using <i>In Situ</i> Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Review

Chen, Yinci; Yin, Kuibo; Xu, Tao; Guo, Hongxuan; Sun, Litao

doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c03003

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

2023

DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03003

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Characterization of Nanomaterials Using In Situ Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Review

Yinci Chen,

Kuibo Yin,

Tao Xu

et al.

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2024

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References 222 publications

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Toward sub-second solution exchange dynamics in flow reactors for liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy

Merkens,

Tollan,

De Salvo

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy is a burgeoning experimental technique for monitoring nanoscale dynamics in a liquid environment, increasingly employing microfluidic reactors to control the composition of the sample solution. Current challenges comprise fast mass transport dynamics inside the central nanochannel of the liquid cell, typically flow cells, and reliable fixation of the specimen in the limited imaging area. In this work, we present a liquid cell concept – the diffusion cell – that satisfies these seemingly contradictory requirements by providing additional on-chip bypasses to allow high convective transport around the nanochannel in which diffusive transport predominates. Diffusion cell prototypes are developed using numerical mass transport models and fabricated on the basis of existing two-chip setups. Important hydrodynamic parameters, i.e., the total flow resistance, the flow velocity in the imaging area, and the time constants of mixing, are improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to existing setups. The solution replacement dynamics achieved within seconds already match the mixing timescales of many ex-situ scenarios, and further improvements are possible. Diffusion cells can be easily integrated into existing liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy workflows, provide correlation of results with ex-situ experiments, and can create additional research directions addressing fast nanoscale processes.

show abstract

Toward sub-second solution exchange dynamics in flow reactors for liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy

Merkens,

Tollan,

De Salvo

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Characterization of Nanomaterials Using In Situ Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Review

Cited by 1 publication

References 222 publications

Toward sub-second solution exchange dynamics in flow reactors for liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy

Toward sub-second solution exchange dynamics in flow reactors for liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy

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