Characterization of nanomaterials synthesized from Spirulina platensis extract and their potential antifungal activity

Abstract

Nowadays, fungal infections increase, and the demand of novel antifungal agents is constantly rising. In the present study, silver, titanium dioxide, cobalt (II) hydroxide and cobalt (II,III) oxide nanomaterials have been synthesized from Spirulina platensis extract. The synthesis mechanism has been studied using GCMS and FTIR thus confirming the involvement of secondary metabolites, mainly amines. The obtained products have been analysed using XRD, SEM, TGA and zeta potential techniques. The findings revealed average crystallite size of 15.22 nm with 9.72 nm for oval-shaped silver nanoparticles increasing to 26.01 nm and 24.86 nm after calcination and 4.81 nm for spherical-shaped titanium dioxide nanoparticles which decreased to 4.62 nm after calcination. Nanoflake shape has been observed for cobalt hydroxide nanomaterials and for cobalt (II, III) oxide with crystallite size of 3.52 nm and 13.28 nm, respectively. Silver nanoparticles showed the best thermal and water dispersion stability of all the prepared structures. Once subjected to three different Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei) silver nanoparticles and cobalt (II) hydroxide nanomaterials showed strong antifungal activity at 50 μg/mL with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. After light exposition, MIC values for nanomaterials decreased (to 12.5 μg/mL) for C. krusei and increased (100 μg/mL) for C. albicans and C. glabrata.

Operando monitoring of a room temperature nanocomposite methanol sensor

“…TiO 2 -NPs possess tremendous surface catalytic potential; 41,42 however, green synthesized, homogeneous and small sized TiO 2 -NPs have been scarcely reported in the literature. 43,44 Recently, anatase-TiO 2 quantum dots with a crystallite size of 4.2 nm were obtained by chemical synthesis in a time-consuming and complex procedure utilizing acetylacetone, n -butanol, and 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. 28 In the current study, TiO 2 -NPs with a small crystallite size (∼4 nm) and a homogeneous morphology seem to result from the synergistic effect of secondary metabolites from olive leaves, reaction temperature, and optimized pH.…”

“…The observed lattice planes are attributed to the (101) planes of anatase. TiO 2 -NPs possess tremendous surface catalytic potential 41,42 ; however, green synthesized, homogenous and small sized TiO 2 -NPs were scarcely reported in the literature 43,44 . Recently, anatase-TiO 2 quantum dots with a crystallite size of 4.2 nm were obtained by chemical synthesis in a time-consuming and complex procedure utilizing acetylacetone, n-butanol, and 4dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid 28 .…”

Microalgae as a potential natural source for the green synthesis of nanoparticles

“…On the other hand, the NPs cause DNA damage, block ATP synthesis, and modify the fatty acids and cellular structure. 96 Abbas et al, 2021 97 reported the antifungal activity of extracellular SeNPs against yeast fungi (C. Albicans ATCC1023). AgNPs, titanium dioxide, hydroxide, and cobalt(II, III) oxide biosynthesized using S. platensis were extracted with strong antifungal activity.…”

Membrane Penetrating-Cationic Peptide BP100 Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as Efficient Antibacterial Agents

“…With the rapid developments in nanoscience and its application in the medicine field, researchers’ interest, encouraging them to investigate the use of nanotechnology in the health sector and thus nanomedicine, has emerged. , In this context, various nanoparticles have been used for their antibacterial activities. − There are numerous reports for antibacterial activity of zinc, gold, and silver nanoparticles, among which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively explored due to their high antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles can be attributed to various mechanisms such as disruption of the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, denaturation of ribosomes, interruption of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, membrane disruption by reactive oxygen species, and interference of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication. − It has already been identified that there is an increased antibacterial activity of Ag at the nanoscale which has further found applications in the healthcare sector. − However, its activity against drug resistant microbes has been challenging . Moreover, to reduce the toxicity of these nanoparticles, modification of the surface of these AgNPs with materials such as biomolecules, including peptides, plant extract, polymers, such as poly­( l -lysine), and carboxymethyl cellulose has been carried out using either covalent or physical interactions. − …”