Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) &amp; polyacrylamide composite films

Mandal, Arup; Chakrabarty, Debabrata

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.093

Cited by 75 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Since the structure of chickpea flour is predominately amorphous and the proportion of CNC is very low, the diffraction pattern of the chickpea flour may overcome that of CNC. The similar results were also presented by Mandal and Chakrabarty and Chaichi, Hashemi, Badii, and Mohammadi …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of physicochemical, thermomechanical, and structural properties of chickpea flour composite films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose

Maftoonazad

Badii

Mohamed

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Chickpea flour–crystalline nano‐cellulose (CNC) composite films were prepared using chickpea flour as the film forming material, glycerol as the plasticizer and 2.5 to 10% CNC as reinforcement supplement. Mechanical properties of the composite films increased with an increase in the CNC content up to 5%. By inclusion of CNC up to 10%, the storage modulus of chickpea flour matrix increased by an order of magnitude from 7.3 to 86.4 MPa. The storage modulus of all samples, on the other hand, decreased as temperature increased. The Tg values measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were shifted toward higher temperatures by the addition of CNC. The creep resistance of chickpea flour films increased again up to 5% added CNC, and strain sweep tests confirmed the extension of linear viscoelastic region. X‐ ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a positive correlation between the degree of crystallinity of chickpea flour composties and CNC content. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the molecular interaction between chickpea flour, glycerol and CNC. SEM results revealed agglomeration in the structure of the film with the addition of CNC beyond 5% and diminishing of surface homogeneity, while decreasing the pore size of chickpea flour matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48389.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of physicochemical, thermomechanical, and structural properties of chickpea flour composite films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose

Maftoonazad

Badii

Mohamed

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The strong band at 1707 is assigned to the C═O stretching (amide I) . The significant characteristic peak at 1600 cm −1 is of N─H bending vibration (amide II) of the amide group of PAM . As seen, this band disappears on blending with Na‐CMC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…11 The significant characteristic peak at 1600 cm −1 is of N─H bending vibration (amide II) of the amide group of PAM. 12,14 As seen, this band disappears on blending with Na-CMC. The characteristic peak at 1470 cm −1 is ascribed to ─CH 2 ─ in-plane bending vibration.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…[11][12][13][14] Although it exhibits some weak mechanical properties, the blending of CMC and PAM is expected to provide a good film. 12 Mohy El-din et al 15 reported the ability of CMC-g-PAM to concentrate the dilute solutions of bovine serum albumin. In addition, PAM-g-CMC is a candidate for the treatment of coal mine wastewater, via the flocculation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization, optical, and nanoscale free volume properties of Na‐CMC/PAM/CNT nanocomposites

Awad

El‐Gamal

Sayed

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polyblend and nanocomposite films of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (Na‐CMC)/polyacrylamide (PAM) and Na‐CMC/PAM modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized by the solution casting technique. The effect of PAM and CNT loading on the structural, optical, and nanoscale free volume properties of Na‐CMC was studied. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy exhibited the existence of strong interactions between Na‐CMC and PAM and the non‐destructive effect of CNT on Na‐CMC/PAM structure. The HR‐TEM revealed the multi‐walled structure of CNT with a 7.06‐nm wall thickness and a 6.92‐nm wall inner diameter. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was done, in a vacuum and at 30°C to 200°C, to investigate the nanoscale free volume properties by using a conventional fast‐fast coincidence spectrometer. It was found that the o‐Ps lifetime (τ3) and free volume (Vh) increase with increasing CNT percentage in the Na‐CMC/PAM blend. The distribution of the o‐Ps lifetime was broadened with increasing CNT ratios. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases with increasing loads of CNT. For the first time, a correlation was done between Urbach energy (EU) and Vh. Finally, the results were represented and discussed in the frame of free volume properties. Optical measurements showed that the transmittance T% of Na‐CMC/PAM was 91.12% and decreased to 68.42% and 36.45% after loading with 1.0 and 2.0 wt % CNT. In addition, the blend shows higher insulating properties compared with the individual polymers. The CNT incorporation reduces the band gap significantly and increases the EU in the films.

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“…Recently, the possibility of obtaining biocomposite films with various functionalities were investigated by Chen and Liu [10] and Mandal and Chakrabarty [11]. It was shown that, the NCC potential role in biocomposite applications is focused on their mechanical properties as a nano-reinforcing phase and in the advanced functional applications is based on their exceptional properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan/Nanocrystalline Cellulose Biocomposites Based on Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Sheath Fibers

Adel¹,

El-Shafei²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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In this study, nanocrystalline celluloses were used to enhance physical, mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of chitosan films for potential food packaging applications. Two different mineral acids (sulfuric and phosphoric) were used to extract nanocrystalline cellulose from date palm sheath fibers. The influence of cellulose I and cellulose II on the properties of the isolated nanocrystalline celluloses (e.g., yield, energy and length of intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and degree of substitution) were studied too. The characteristics of chitosan biocomposite film with phosphorylated nanocrystalline cellulose were compared to those with sulfated nanocrystalline cellulose. Results showed that besides cellulose polymorphism, the ionic ester groups on the surface of nanocrystalline cellulose is one of the factors influencing the physical, chemical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties in chitosan/nanocrystalline cellulose biocomposites. Abbreviations:CI: Cellulose I CII: Cellulose II CS: Chitosan DPS: Date palm sheath NCC: Nanocrystalline cellulose PNCC: Phosphorylated nanocrystalline cellulose SNCC: Sulfated nanocrystalline cellulose Preparation of Sulfated and Phosphorylated Nanocrystalline Cellulose (SNCC & PNCC)Before NCCs extraction, DPS fibers were subjected to successive purification steps of pulping, bleaching and mercerizing treatments to extract CI and CII fibers [21]. For SNCCs preparation, 1 g of CI and CII fibers were added to a preheated 6.5 M sulfuric acid solution (fiber to liquor ratio of 1:20) for 1.45 h at 50°C under strong agitation [22]. PNCCs were prepared by soaking 1 g of CI and CII fibers in distilled water for 15 min, and then vigorously blended with an electrically powered hand blender, until a pulp like slurry was obtained. Phosphoric acid (85% v/v) was slowly added (keeping the temperature below 25°C) until a phosphoric acid concentration of 10.7 M was reached. Then, the reaction vessel was placed in a preheated oil bath at 90°C, and the mixture stirred for 30 min [8]. The produced SNCC and PNCC fractions were continuously washed by the addition of distilled water and centrifuged until the solution conductivity reached ≈ 5 μ S cm -1 (pH 4). The SNCC and PNCC colloidal suspension were dialyzed against distilled water for 3-5 days, till reaching pH ≈ 7. The final SNCC and PNCC suspensions were subsequently undergone ultrasonic treatment for 30 min (Falc Instruments, LSB2, 59 kHz) in an ice bath.All NCC suspensions prepared were filtered through sintered glass funnel No 1º before being lyophilized. The yields of the prepared NCCs were calculated as a percentage of the weight of the final products divided by the initial weights of the starting material (i.e., CI or CII DPS fibers). Tab. 1 shows yield % of NCCs obtained by sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid hydrolyses. Preparation of CS Biocomposite FilmsThe biocomposite films were prepared by the solution casting method. CS solution was prepared by mechanically stirring 2% CS (wt/v) in 1% acetic acid solution (v/v...

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Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films

Cited by 75 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of physicochemical, thermomechanical, and structural properties of chickpea flour composite films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose

Evaluation of physicochemical, thermomechanical, and structural properties of chickpea flour composite films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose

Characterization, optical, and nanoscale free volume properties of Na‐CMC/PAM/CNT nanocomposites

Chitosan/Nanocrystalline Cellulose Biocomposites Based on Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Sheath Fibers

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