Characterization of multiple airborne particulate metals in the surroundings of a municipal waste incinerator in Taiwan

Hu, Chiung‐Wen; Chao, Mu‐Rong; Wu, Kuen-Yuh; Chang-Chien, Gou-Ping; Lee, Wen-Jhy; Chang, Louis W.; Lee, Wei-Shan

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00208-5

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Overall, As and Hg, two important pollutants, concentrations observed during this campaign were lower than those measured in previous studies in Taiwan (Table 1) (Hu et al, 2003;Tsai et al, 2003). For all species, the yearly average concentrations were observed highest at the industrial site and the lowest at the wetland site.…”

Section: Seasonal and Spatial Variations Of Trace Metalscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Ambient Trace Metals Sources in Taichung, Taiwan: Principal Component Analysis

Huang

Chen

Liu

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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There were eight trace metals, including As, Hg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb, measured in the total suspended particles collected in central Taiwan using PS-1 samplers at five different sites. Overall, these trace metal concentrations were lower in summer than other seasons, and higher in industrial areas than in wetland. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify the pollutant sources for each site. Three distinct sources were found in this study, and the results suggest that mobile sources were the main factor contributing to Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cr emissions, which were mainly from urban areas and in the vicinity of highways intersections. Within addition, municipal solid waste incinerators are significantly associated with emissions of As, Hg, Cu, and Pb. Finally, smelters were associated with high Hg, As, Fe, and Zn emissions from local industrial areas. However, contributions from two known point sources, a coal-fired power plant and a steeling plant could not be distinguished from the PCA results. This may be due to the prevailing wind directions and limitations of the measurements used in this work. These two sources are located to the west of these sampling sites, while the prevailing wind direction in this area was southwest.

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Section: Seasonal and Spatial Variations Of Trace Metalscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Ambient Trace Metals Sources in Taichung, Taiwan: Principal Component Analysis

Huang

Chen

Liu

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Geng et al (2010), using TEM, observed abundant Zn/Pb/Cl- containing particles in polluted urban Incheon, which were attributed to industrial processes and coal-fired power generation. The gas-phase zinc and lead chlorides emitted from high-temperature combustion sources condensed into solid-phase submicron Cl-containing particles upon cooling (Hu et al, 2003). Online measurements of single particles by ATOFMS in an industrial/residential section of Mexico City by Moffet et al (2008a, b) demonstrated that the metal/Cl-containing particles accounted for a large fraction of the fine-mode particles, and the fraction reached 73% in the early morning hours.…”

Section: Mixing Of Chlorides In Industrial Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Chloride Aerosols and their Atmospheric Implications: A Review

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Natural and anthropogenic chloride aerosols make up a significant fraction of atmospheric particulate matter and play important roles in the boundary layer chemistry. Here we provide a review of the mixing characteristics of chloride aerosols and the subsequent atmospheric implications, which are rarely considered in current field and modeling studies. Single-particle analytical techniques have shown that a large fraction of chlorides mix internally with other components, in particular inorganic salts and organic matters, instead of existing separately. In marine and coastal regions, high proportions of chloride aerosols usually mix with inorganic substances (e.g., Mg, Ca, K, N, S), while small quantities of them are coated by organic matter. In forest, grassland, and agricultural areas, most chlorides in biomass burning particles mix with or are coated by organics. In industrialized urban areas, the chloride aerosols often co-exist with heavy/transition metals (e.g., Zn, Pb) and are coated by organic materials in aged plumes. Moreover, secondary chlorides also mix with mineral dusts, nitrates, and sulfates. The mixing of chloride aerosols with insoluble substances can inhibit their hygroscopic properties, which in turn affects the cloud condensation nuclei activation and heterogeneous reactivity. The encasing of chloride aerosols within light-absorbing substances changes their optical properties and subsequently causes atmospheric warming. This paper emphasizes the complexity of the mixing of chloride aerosols, as well as the potential atmospheric implications thereof, and proposes some research topics deserving future study.

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“…In addition to nitrate ( 46 NO − 2 and 62 NO − 3 ), chloride ( 35 Cl − / 37 Cl − ) was one of the most abundant ion in the negative spectra. In general, zinc and lead chlorides have relatively low boiling points (732 • C and 950 • C, respectively), and are emitted in the gas phase of high temperature combustion sources such as waste incinerators (Olmez et al, 1988;Ondov et al, 1998;Hu et al, 2003). Upon cooling, these compounds will condense into the solid phase, forming submicron Cl-containing particles.…”

Section: Naclznpbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Continuous ambient measurements with aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) were made in an industrial/residential section in the northern part of Mexico City as part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area-2006 campaign (MCMA-2006. Results are presented for the period of 15-27 March 2006. The submicron size mode contained both fresh and aged biomass burning, aged organic carbon (OC) mixed with nitrate and sulfate, elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen-organic carbon, industrial metal, and inorganic NaK inorganic particles. Overall, biomass burning and aged OC particle types comprised 40% and 31%, respectively, of the submicron mode. In contrast, the supermicron mode was dominated by inorganic NaK particle types (42%) which represented a mixture of dry lake bed dust and industrial NaK emissions mixed with soot. Additionally, aluminosilicate dust, transition metals, OC, and biomass burning contributed to the supermicron particles. Early morning periods (2-6 a.m.) showed high fractions of inorganic particles from industrial sources in the northeast, composed of internal mixtures of Pb, Zn, EC and Cl, representing up to 73% of the particles in the 0.2-3µm size range. A unique nitrogencontaining organic carbon (NOC) particle type, peaking in the early morning hours, was hypothesized to be amines from local industrial emissions based on the time series profile and back trajectory analysis. A strong dependence on wind speed and direction was observed in the single particle types that were present during different times of the day. The early morning (3:30-10 a.m.) showed the greatest contributions from industrial emissions. During mid to late mornings (7-11 a.m.), weak northerly winds were observed along with the Correspondence to: K. A. Prather (kprather@ucsd.edu) most highly aged particles. Stronger winds from the south picked up in the late morning (after 11 a.m.), resulting in a decrease in the concentrations of the major aged particle types and an increase in the number fraction of fresh biomass particles. The highest wind speeds were correlated with the highest number fraction of fresh biomass particles (up to 76% of the submicron number fraction) when winds were coming directly from fires that were located south and southeast of the city based on MODIS fire count data. This study provides a unique clock of hourly changes in single particle mixing state and sources as a function of meteorology in Mexico City. These new findings indicate that biomass burning and industrial emissions can make significant contributions to primary particle loadings in Mexico City that are strongly coupled with local meteorology.

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Characterization of multiple airborne particulate metals in the surroundings of a municipal waste incinerator in Taiwan

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

Ambient Trace Metals Sources in Taichung, Taiwan: Principal Component Analysis

Ambient Trace Metals Sources in Taichung, Taiwan: Principal Component Analysis

Mixed Chloride Aerosols and their Atmospheric Implications: A Review

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

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