“…However, these properties of ZnO are unstable due to oxygen adsorption, which leads to pure ZnO being a poorly n-type semiconductor with low electrical conductivity . Therefore, to increase its conductivity while maintaining its original optical properties, a large number of researchers have used impurity doping methods such as magnetron sputtering, facile solution process, chemical vapor deposition, and sol–gel methods. , For example, Park et al doped alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) into ZnO by a novel solution-processed method and found that the electron mobility of ZnO was improved. Similarly, Mahdhi et al prepared Ca-doped ZnO by magnetron sputtering and found that ZnO has a transmission rate of more than 85% in the visible range and a lower resistivity at room temperature.…”