Characterization of Multi-antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Beef Cattle in Japan

Abstract

The emergence of multiple-antibiotic-resistance bacteria is increasing, which is a particular concern on livestock farms. We previously isolated 1,347 antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli strains from the feces of beef cattle on 14 Japanese farms. In the present study, the genetic backgrounds and phylogenetic relationships of 45 AMR isolates were characterized by the chromosome phylotype, AMR phenotype, AMR genotype, and plasmid type. These isolates were classified into five chromosome phylotypes, which were closely linked to the farms from which they were isolated, suggesting that each farm had its own E. coli phylotype. AMR phenotype and plasmid type analyses yielded 8 and 14 types, all of which were associated with the chromosomal phylotype and, thus, to the original farms. AMR genotype analysis revealed more variety, with 16 types, indicating both inter- and intra-farm diversity. Different phylotype isolates from the same farm shared highly similar plasmid types, which indicated that plasmids with AMR genes could be transferred between phylotypes, thereby generating multi-antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This ecological study demonstrated that the chromosome phylotype was strongly correlated with the farm from which they were isolated, while the AMR phenotype, genotype, and plasmid type were generally correlated with the chromosome phylotype and farm source.

Dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased pigs in Quebec, Canada

“…same breeding pig farm), as observed by Agerso et al who reported that the same E. coli clones possessing blaCMY-2 were found in imported grandparents and in all levels of Danish broiler production, indicating the spread of ESC-producing E. coli clones and plasmids from imported parent animals to broilers and to broiler meat [26]. In the current study, transmission may have occurred because of imported and exported pigs, and also by the movement of water and wild animals and/or through contaminated food [27]. It is interesting to note that at present only 44% of farms in Quebec are 'farrow-to-fattening', that is on a single site, compared with 33% fattening and 23% farrowing farms, which together constitutes multisite farms.…”

IncI1 Plasmid Associated with blaCTX-M-2 Transmission in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorse, Japan

“…Plasmid harboring AMR genes have largely been described on typical Inc group plasmids and few have been reported from unidentified group plasmids [19]. The investigation of plasmids is helpful in understanding the dissemination of ESBL genes [20].…”

Effect of Probiotics/Prebiotics on Cattle Health and Productivity

“…Antibiotic therapy has been applied to maintain the performance of calves and reduce scours. However, due to increasing safety concerns regarding the risks of antibiotic resistance due to the release of antibiotics into the environment and persistence of chemical residues in animal products ( 49 , 82 ), probiotic additives have been developed as alternatives to improve animal health and productivity ( 4 , 8 ). Although the administration of probiotics to animals has been linked with efficacy on specific groups (pathogens) in the gut microbiota ( 25 , 69 , 76 ), how they interact with the whole gut community currently remains unclear.…”