Characterization of Molybdenum-Free Nitrate Reductase from Haloalkalophilic Bacterium Halomonas sp. Strain AGJ 1-3

Антипов, А. Н.; Морозкина, Е. В.; Sorokin, Dimitry Y.; Golubeva, L. I.; Zvyagilskaya, R. A.; L’vov, N. P.

doi:10.1007/s10541-005-0186-0

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The most well-studied dissimilatory nitrate reductase is the membrane-bound NarGHI complex, which contains two b -type cytochromes (each binding one Fe atom), one Fe 3 S 4 cluster, four Fe 4 S 4 clusters, and a molybdopterin (Mo) active site (Bertero et al, 2003; Jormakka et al, 2004; Figure 3). It is possible for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to occur with Fe or V in place of Mo, although such alternative nitrate reductases have so far only been found in metal-reducing bacteria (Antipov et al, 1998, 2005). …”

Section: Nitrous Oxide Production and Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Metal Requirements for Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Production and Consumption of Methane and Nitrous Oxide

Glass¹,

Orphan²

2012

Front. Microbio.

294

231

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Fluxes of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are heavily influenced by microbiological activity. Microbial enzymes involved in the production and consumption of greenhouse gases often contain metal cofactors. While extensive research has examined the influence of Fe bioavailability on microbial CO2 cycling, fewer studies have explored metal requirements for microbial production and consumption of the second- and third-most abundant greenhouse gases, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we review the current state of biochemical, physiological, and environmental research on transition metal requirements for microbial CH4 and N2O cycling. Methanogenic archaea require large amounts of Fe, Ni, and Co (and some Mo/W and Zn). Low bioavailability of Fe, Ni, and Co limits methanogenesis in pure and mixed cultures and environmental studies. Anaerobic methane oxidation by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) likely occurs via reverse methanogenesis since ANME possess most of the enzymes in the methanogenic pathway. Aerobic CH4 oxidation uses Cu or Fe for the first step depending on Cu availability, and additional Fe, Cu, and Mo for later steps. N2O production via classical anaerobic denitrification is primarily Fe-based, whereas aerobic pathways (nitrifier denitrification and archaeal ammonia oxidation) require Cu in addition to, or possibly in place of, Fe. Genes encoding the Cu-containing N2O reductase, the only known enzyme capable of microbial N2O conversion to N2, have only been found in classical denitrifiers. Accumulation of N2O due to low Cu has been observed in pure cultures and a lake ecosystem, but not in marine systems. Future research is needed on metalloenzymes involved in the production of N2O by enrichment cultures of ammonia oxidizing archaea, biological mechanisms for scavenging scarce metals, and possible links between metal bioavailability and greenhouse gas fluxes in anaerobic environments where metals may be limiting due to sulfide-metal scavenging.

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Section: Nitrous Oxide Production and Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Metal Requirements for Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Production and Consumption of Methane and Nitrous Oxide

Glass¹,

Orphan²

2012

Front. Microbio.

294

231

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“…reduction also occurs in anaerobic bacteria, which utilize as a terminal electron acceptor during dissimilatory reduction in anoxic waters and sediments. Dissimilatory nitrate reductases that contain no Mo or Mo‐alternatives (heme Fe and V) have been discovered, but only in organisms from extreme environments (Antipova et al ., 1998; Antipov et al ., 2003, 2005).…”

Section: Metals and N Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolution of metal availability and nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria and algae

2009

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Marine primary producers adapted over eons to the changing chemistry of the oceans. Because a number of metalloenzymes are necessary for N assimilation, changes in the availability of transition metals posed a particular challenge to the supply of this critical nutrient that regulates marine biomass and productivity. Integrating recently developed geochemical, biochemical, and genetic evidence, we infer that the use of metals in N assimilation - particularly Fe and Mo - can be understood in terms of the history of metal availability through time. Anoxic, Fe-rich Archean oceans were conducive to the evolution of Fe-using enzymes that assimilate abiogenic NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-). The N demands of an expanding biosphere were satisfied by the evolution of biological N(2) fixation, possibly utilizing only Fe. Trace O(2) in late Archean environments, and the eventual 'Great Oxidation Event' c. 2.3 Ga, mobilized metals such as Mo, enabling the evolution of Mo (or V)-based N(2) fixation and the Mo-dependent enzymes for NO(3)(-) assimilation and denitrification by prokaryotes. However, the subsequent onset of deep-sea euxinia, an increasingly-accepted idea, may have kept ocean Mo inventories low and depressed Fe, limiting the rate of N(2) fixation and the supply of fixed N. Eukaryotic ecosystems may have been particularly disadvantaged by N scarcity and the high Mo requirement of eukaryotic NO(3)(-) assimilation. Thorough ocean oxygenation in the Neoproterozoic led to Mo-rich oceans, possibly contributing to the proliferation of eukaryotes and thus the Cambrian explosion of metazoan life. These ideas can be tested by more intensive study of the metal requirements in N assimilation and the biological strategies for metal uptake, regulation, and storage.

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“…However, generally, Mo in high concentration has been reported to accelerate the activity of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, whereas low levels of Mo inhibit the enzyme activities [5][6][7], but it depends on a number of factors including type of strains, plant species, environmental factors, etc. [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Molybdenum Status in Soil and Forage for Ruminant Production Under Semiarid Environmental Conditions in Sargodha, Pakistan

Khan

Ahmad

Ashraf

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The present investigation was carried out to determine the molybdenum (Mo) status of soil and forage at the Livestock Experimental Station, Khizer abad, Sargodha, Pakistan. This site falls under semiarid climatic conditions. Soil and forage samples were collected on a monthly basis during the winter season (from October through January) and analyzed after wet digestion to determine the effect of sampling intervals on Mo content as well as its transfer from soil to forage during the whole study period. The effect of sampling intervals on soil Mo content was found to be highly significant, but in contrast, this effect on forage Mo was nonsignificant. The Mo content of soil was found to be highly sufficient to meet the requirement of forage crops, whereas those of forage at the borderline of the ruminant requirement is insufficient. It is expected that with time, further depletion of Mo in the pasture soil due to interaction with Cu and other antagonistic elements may take place, which could finally lower Mo levels in the forage being used for rearing livestock. Thus, at some stage in the future, addition of standard fertilizers enriched with Mo to the soils may be required at the livestock farm.

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Characterization of Molybdenum-Free Nitrate Reductase from Haloalkalophilic Bacterium Halomonas sp. Strain AGJ 1-3

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Trace Metal Requirements for Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Production and Consumption of Methane and Nitrous Oxide

Trace Metal Requirements for Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Production and Consumption of Methane and Nitrous Oxide

Coevolution of metal availability and nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria and algae

Assessment of Molybdenum Status in Soil and Forage for Ruminant Production Under Semiarid Environmental Conditions in Sargodha, Pakistan

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