Characterization of modified zeolite as microbial immobilization media on POME anaerobic digestion

Immobilization of microorganisms in activated zeolite beads and alkaline pretreated straws for ammonium-nitrogen removal from urban river water

“…Microorganisms were able to colonize and form the biofilm on the surfaces of APS and AZB during the culture period as a result of this reproduction and breeding activity (Figure 3 It has been reported that, the Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and pore filling, among other mechanisms, may play a role in zeolite and straw adsorption on a variety of surfaces (Arbuznikov et al 1998;Suo et al 2019). The APS and AZB both have numerous pores, which could allow a significant amount of nutrients to accumulate in the carriers' internal pores (Xue et al 2017;Cahyono 2018;Khalil et al 2018). According to Wu et al (2019) and Cahyono (2018), the pore size of zeolite (as an adsorbent) ranges from 2 to 50 nm.…”

“…The APS and AZB both have numerous pores, which could allow a significant amount of nutrients to accumulate in the carriers' internal pores (Xue et al 2017;Cahyono 2018;Khalil et al 2018). According to Wu et al (2019) and Cahyono (2018), the pore size of zeolite (as an adsorbent) ranges from 2 to 50 nm. Furthermore, the average APS pore size was ascertained to be between 7.89 and 8.16 nm.…”