Characterization of Mn2+ doped tetramethylammoniumtetrachlorozincate single crystal using EPR and optical absorption

EPR and optical study of Mn2+ doped monohydrated dipotassium stannic chloride

“…The degeneracy of 4 E g (G) is expected to be lifted in orthorhombic distortion [4]. The band corresponding to 4 E g (G) shows splitting in our case thus suggesting the Mn 2+ ion to be in orthorhombically distorted octahedral site.…”

“…Both the 4 E g (G) and 4 A 1g (G) levels are influenced by small changes in the environment of different crystals, however, 4 E g (G) is more sensitive than 4 A 1g (G) [18]. The two states 4 E g (G) and 4 A 1g (G) are, in general, degenerate. The covalency in the crystal removes their degeneracy [19].…”

“…As a result, the bands observed at 19,608 and 20,833 cm À1 are assigned to 4 A 1g (G) and 4 E g (G), respectively. Using Tanabe-Sugano diagram [19], the other bands are assigned to transitions 6 A 1g (S) to 4 T 1g (G) = 15,385, 6 A 1g (S) to 4 A 1g (G) = 19,608, 6 A 1g (S) to 4 E g (G) = 20,833, 6 A 1g (S) to 4 T 2g (G) = 21,277, 6 A 1g (S) to 4 T 2g (D) = 23,256, 6 A 1g (S) to 4 E g (D) = 25,316, 6 A 1g (S) to 4 T 1g (P) = 28,986, 6 A 1g (S) to 4 A 2g (F) = 39,216 cm À1 . The wave numbers of the bands with their assignments are given in Table 3.…”

“…As the S state ions have long spin-lattice relaxation time; Mn 2+ gives well resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra even at room temperature (RT). Due to this feature, EPR study of Mn 2+ ions has been done in various types of crystal lattices [3][4][5]. Potassium chloride (KCl) is used in medicine, in making fertilizers, in food processing and in judicial execution through lethal injection.…”

Optical and Piezoelectric Study of KNN Solid Solutions Co-Doped with La-Mn and Eu-Fe

“…Besides, at lower symmetries of Mn 4+ the fine structure is split in levels corresponding to 3/2–1/2, 1/2–−1/2 and −1/2–−3/2. However, as a result of large anisotropy only a central signal with its six hyperfine components due to Mn 2+ was observed and this signal can be overlapped by the response of Mn 4+ , being more sensitive for Mn 2+ [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]. …”