Characterization of mixtures of compounds produced in chlorpromazine aqueous solutions by ultraviolet laser irradiation: their applications in antimicrobial assays

Abstract

The study reports an investigation of the photoproducts obtained by exposure of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in ultrapure water (concentration 2 mg/mL) to a 266-nm laser beam obtained by fourth harmonic generation from a Nd:YAG laser (6-ns full time width at half maximum, 10-Hz pulse repetition rate). The photoproducts were analyzed by steady-state UV-Vis absorption, laser-induced fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Two figures showing pathways that take place during irradiation for obtaining the final products are shown. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation by chlorpromazine (CPZ) was determined relative to standard Zn-phthalocyanine in dimethyl sulfoxide. To outline the role of fluorescence in photoproducts formation rates, fluorescence quantum yield of CPZ during exposure to 355-nm radiation (third harmonic of the fundamental beam of Nd:YAG laser) was investigated relative to standard Coumarin 1 in ethanol. The CPZ solutions exposed 60 and 240 min to 266-nm laser beam, respectively, were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strain. For 25 μL of CPZ samples irradiated 240 min, a higher diameter of inhibition has obtained against the tested strain than for the 60-min exposed ones.

Laser irradiated phenothiazines: New potential treatment for COVID-19 explored by molecular docking

“…The CPZ samples at 2 mg/mL in ultrapure water irradiated 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120,180 and 240 min were analysed using LC-TOF/MS. Results showed seven CPZ generated photoproducts: promazine (PZ), P1, P2, 2-hydroxypromazinesulfoxide (2-HO-PZ-SO), chlorpromazine sulfoxide (CPZ-SO), promazine sulfoxide (PZ-SO) and 2-hidroxipromazine (2-HO-PZ) [ 13 ]. We mention that the photoproducts MSO and SPZ may also be used as antipsychotics.…”

Anti-staphylococcal activity and mode of action of thioridazine photoproducts

“…A 2 mL volume of TZ solutions were irradiated 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, or 240 min with 266 nm pulsed beam emitted by Nd:YAG laser (10 Hz, 6 ns FWHM) according to the irradiation protocol detailed in Alexandru et al (2014) 46 .…”

Toxicity study in blood and tumor cells of laser produced medicines for application in fabrics

“…The set-up utilized to study the stability of the irradiated phenothiazines solutions is shown in Fig.1a where a variant of a more general system described in [3,4] is drawn.…”

“…Recent reports have shown that phenothiazines solutions as parent compounds, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) laser radiation generate photoproducts that have different molecular structures and properties with respect to them [1][2][3][4]. More recent studies show that solutions of phenothiazines in water once exposed to laser radiation have modified wetting properties with respect to fabrics [5].…”