Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from skin and soft tissue infections in patients in Nairobi, Kenya

Maina, Edward K.; Kiiyukia, Ciira; Wamae, C. N.; Waiyaki, Peter; Kariuki, Samuel

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.09.006

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…28 However, lower rates of MRSA have also been reported from some sub-Saharan African countries (e.g., Nigeria). 29 Concerning among the observed antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of our gram-positive isolates was the finding of one strain of S. aureus that was resistant to vancomycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Common Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Rwanda

Ntirenganya¹,

Manzi²,

Muvunyi³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health threat in both developed and developing countries. Many developing countries, including Rwanda, lack adequate surveillance systems, and therefore, the prevalence of AMR is not well-known. We conducted a prospective observational study to assess the prevalence of AMR among common bacterial isolates from clinical specimens obtained from patients on the medical wards of Kigali University Teaching Hospital (KUTH). We evaluated the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial pathogens cultured from urine, blood, sputum, and wound swab specimens obtained over a 6-month period (July 1 to December 30, 2013). There were 154 positive cultures from specimens obtained from 141 unique patients over the study period. Urine, blood, wound swab, and sputum cultures comprised 55.2%, 25.3%, 16.2%, and 3.3% of the total specimens evaluated; 31.4% and 58.7% of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates, respectively, were resistant to at least one of the third generation cephalosporins. Eight percent of E. coli isolates were resistant to imipenem; 82% and 6% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were oxacillin-and vancomycin-resistant respectively. Antimicrobial resistance rates are high in Rwanda and pose a serious therapeutic challenge to the management of common infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Common Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Rwanda

Ntirenganya¹,

Manzi²,

Muvunyi³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in resource-limited countries [1–3]. Globally, MRSA has increasingly became a problem in health care facilities as well as communities, but with greater concern in former settings [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination and distribution in patient’s care environment at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam-Tanzania

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveEnvironmental contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in routine medical care settings poses an increased risk of health care associated infections through cross-transmission. This study aimed at determining the magnitude and distribution of methicillin-resistant S. aureus contamination among various items in patients’ care surroundings at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania’s largest tertiary hospital.ResultsA total of 200 environmental samples from high touch items were processed and out of these methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 19.5% with significantly higher contamination in general wards. Patients’ beds surfaces were the most contaminated among studied items (43.7%), whilst the surgical trolleys were least contaminated (7.7%). Presence of 10 or more patients in a room was an important significant correlate for methicillin-resistant S. aureus contamination by bivariate logistic regression model (odds ratio: 4.75, 95% confidence interval 1.624–13.895, p = 0.004). These findings warrant further study of decontamination practices and improved infection control mechanisms, especially in light of the drug resistant isolates identified.

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“…Among the most common infectious diseases, skin and soft tissue infections are a frequent problem in hospital as well as in ambulatory care and Staphylococcus aureus, as the common pathogenic bacterium of acquired infections in the hospital, has been reported as the leading cause of bacterial infections involving skin and soft tissue in many countries [1,2]. Suitable and effective antibacterial agent is the first choice for treating these infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcalorimetry coupled with principal component analysis for investigating the anti-Staphylococcus aureus effects of different extracted fractions from Dracontomelon dao

Yan

Liu

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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With the prevalence resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibacterial agents, developing novel antibacterial agents is urgent. Recently, plant extracts have got more focus. In this study, the power-time curves produced by S. aureus under the action of the four extracted fractions (PE, CHCl 3 , EtOAc, and n-BuOH fractions) from the leaves of Dracontomelon dao were determined by microcalorimetry, and then some quantitative parameters, such as growth rate constant k, total heat output Q t , maximum heat-output power P m , and the appearance time t m were obtained. By analyzing the parameters using principal component analysis, the anti-S. aureus effects of the four fractions were systematically evaluated and compared. Meanwhile, the total flavonoid contents in these fractions were analyzed. The results have evidenced that different fractions using various extraction solvents expressed various anti-S. aureus effects, and the inhibitory effects were presented in a flavonoid content-dependent manner. The EtOAc fraction with the highest total flavonoid content (41.86 %) expressed the strongest anti-S. aureus effect with halfinhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 83.93 lg mL -1 , which might be applied as a novel antibacterial agent in practice for some infectious diseases. In addition, the microcalorimetric method should be strongly suggested in screening for novel antibacterial agents for fighting against pathogenic bacteria.

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Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from skin and soft tissue infections in patients in Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract: These findings suggest that SCCmec II MRSA and a PVL strain of MRSA are significant pathogens in patients with SSTIs presenting to hospitals in Kenya, and that MRSA cases are prevalent at publicly funded health care facilities.

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Common Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Rwanda

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Common Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Rwanda

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination and distribution in patient’s care environment at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam-Tanzania

Microcalorimetry coupled with principal component analysis for investigating the anti-Staphylococcus aureus effects of different extracted fractions from Dracontomelon dao

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