Characterization of Mesocarp and Kernel Lipids from Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Elaeis oleifera [Kunth] Cortés, and Their Interspecific Hybrids

Abstract

Morphological traits, total lipid contents, and fatty acid profiles were assessed in fruits of several accessions of Elaeis oleifera [Kunth] Cortés, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., and their interspecific hybrids. The latter featured the highest mesocarp-to-fruit ratios (77.9-78.2%). The total lipid contents of both E. guineensis mesocarp and kernel were significantly higher than for E. oleifera accessions. Main fatty acids comprised C16:0, C18:1n9, and C18:2n6 in mesocarp and C12:0, C14:0, and C18:1n9 in kernels. E. oleifera samples were characterized by higher proportions of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Saturated medium-chain fatty acids supported the clustering of E. guineensis kernels in multivariate statistics. Hybrid mesocarp lipids had an intermediate fatty acid composition, whereas their kernel lipids resembled those of E. oleifera genotypes. Principal component analysis based on lipid contents and proportions of individual fatty acids permitted clear-cut distinction of E. oleifera, E. guineensis, and their hybrids.

Chemical Characteristics and Nutritional Properties of Hybrid Palm Oils

“…As a rule, the FA composition of oils from F1 O×G interspecific hybrids is intermediate between those of their parents [3,4,38], while FAs in the F1 × F1 (i.e. the F2 generation) exhibit the composition of F1 [38].…”

“…Two main FAs, O and P, account for about 80% of total FAs in hybrid palm oil and their ratio typically lies in the range 1.5-1.9 ( Table 1), while in African palm oil O/P ratio is close to one and in EO oleic acid is the main FA (36.4-61.7%) and P is the second most represented one (21.0-37.0%) [3,4]. Several authors have pointed out the wide range of oil composition from EO, reflecting the wider genetic diversity of EO than EG [4,37]. Oleic acid comes with cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1Δ11) in an amount equal to about 0.7-1% of total FAs [3,4].…”

“…Several authors have pointed out the wide range of oil composition from EO, reflecting the wider genetic diversity of EO than EG [4,37]. Oleic acid comes with cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1Δ11) in an amount equal to about 0.7-1% of total FAs [3,4]. Besides FAs listed in Table 1, other saturated (C8:0, C10:0, C24:0) and ω9 unsaturated (C22:1Δ13, C24:1Δ15) FAs were identified, which globally account for 0.2% of total FAs [3].…”

“…The wide range of applications for mesocarp oil is due to its fatty acid (FA) composition. Palm oil has approximately equal amounts of saturated (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), while the mesocarp oil from EO is much more unsaturated [3][4][5][6].…”

Lipophilic compounds and thermal behaviour of African mango (Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry‐Lecomte ex. O'Rorke) Baill.) kernel fat

“…Noteworthy, the lipid concentrations of the kernels approximated those of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. mesocarp (74.9–82.2%) and even exceeded those of oil palm kernels (44.7–51.3%), currently representing one of the most important sources of edible vegetable fats (Lieb et al ., ).…”