Characterization of Macro- and Micro-Geomorphology of Cave Channel from High-Resolution 3D Laser Scanning Survey: Case Study of Gomantong Cave in Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract

Three-dimensional documentation of hypogene cave morphology is one of the major applications of laser scanning survey. This chapter presents applications of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) survey for analyzing endogenic cave passage geomorphologic structure and morphometry using 3D meshing, high-resolution 3D texture modeling for geovisualization, and its potential for cave art documentation. To achieve this, multiscale resolution 3D models were generated; one using the mesh model for macro-morphological analysis and the other with the full-resolution scan to produce high quality 3D texture model for identification of micro-morphological features. The mesh model of the cave makes it possible to analyze the general shape, distinguish phreatic tube from post-speleogenetic modified conduits and carry out morphometric measurements including the cave volume and channel surface area. The 3D texture model provides true to live visualization of the cave with exceptionally high level of accuracy and details that would be impossible to obtain with direct observation by visiting the site or from the mesh model. The model allows discerning different speleogenetic phases, karstification processes and micro-morphologies such as wall and ceiling seepage, hanging rocks, fractures, scallops, ceiling flush dome, pockets, bell-hole and avens. Also, the texture model permits identifying cave arts and engravings along the passages

Histories of Australian Rock Art Research

“…From mid-2017 to early 2020, there are more Australia-affiliated authors who are first authors. However, this does not take into account that there are also many locals now publishing without any international researchers (see Fauzi et al 2019;Idrees and Pradhan 2017;Leihitu and Permana 2018). This could signal a positive direction in which ethical and considered research patterns are gradually developing within archaeological research.…”

Surveying and High-Resolution Topography of the Ochtiná Aragonite Cave Based on TLS and Digital Photogrammetry

“…Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) can be considered as a technology suitable for non-contact measurement of spatial coordinates, 3D modeling, and visualization of complex underground structures ( [18] and others). During the last years, terrestrial laser scanning has been widely used for the detailed survey of cave spaces and the study of cave morphology ( [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and others). The high speed of scanning, accuracy, higher productivity versus common geodetic methods (such as selective measurement of individual points by total stations), significant shortening of fieldwork, and automatic data processing into digital models make this technology almost irreplaceable in rapid speleological mapping.…”

A scan to as-built building information modeling workflow: a case study in Malaysia

“…In Malaysia, 3 D laser scanning has been used for variety of applications. As an ecological example, several researchers have demonstrated the use of laser scanner for capturing complex conditions in caves (Azmy et al , 2012; Majid et al , 2017; Idrees and Pradhan, 2017). Another application is for surveying purposes where laser scanning processes have been used for slope mapping (Taher, 2014) or common topographic high resolution surveying (Luh et al , 2014).…”