Characterization of Low Temperature Diesel Combustion with Various Dilution Gases

Li, Tie; Izumi, Hiroyuki; Shudo, Toshio; Ogawa, Hideyuki; Okabe, Yukihiro

doi:10.4271/2007-01-0126

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Dilution with EGR is beneficial to reduce combustion temperatures via a reduction of the intake oxygen concentration and an increase in the intake gas's specific heat. 83 In this study, 30% external EGR was used for all LTGCI strategies. In the CFD simulations, EGR is defined on a molar basis as the ratio of intake CO 2 to exhaust CO 2 , and the recirculate exhaust is comprised only of complete combustion products (CO 2 , H 2 O, O 2 , and N 2 ).…”

Section: Engine Geometry and Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

Dempsey

Curran

Wagner

2016

International Journal of Engine Research

136

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Many research studies have shown that low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines has the ability to yield ultra-low NOx and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. To achieve low temperature combustion, sufficient mixing time between the fuel and air in a globally dilute environment is required, thereby avoiding fuel-rich regions and reducing peak combustion temperatures, which significantly reduces soot and NOx formation, respectively. It has been demonstrated that achieving low temperature combustion with diesel fuel over a wide range of conditions is difficult because of its properties, namely, low volatility and high chemical reactivity. On the contrary, gasoline has a high volatility and low chemical reactivity, meaning it is easier to achieve the amount of premixing time required prior to autoignition to achieve low temperature combustion. In order to achieve low temperature combustion while meeting other constraints, such as low pressure rise rates and maintaining control over the timing of combustion, in-cylinder fuel stratification has been widely investigated for gasoline low temperature combustion engines. The level of fuel stratification is, in reality, a continuum ranging from fully premixed (i.e. homogeneous charge of fuel and air) to heavily stratified, heterogeneous operation, such as diesel combustion. However, to illustrate the impact of fuel stratification on gasoline compression ignition, the authors have identified three representative operating strategies: partial, moderate, and heavy fuel stratification. Thus, this article provides an overview and perspective of the current research efforts to develop engine operating strategies for achieving gasoline low temperature combustion in a compression ignition engine via fuel stratification. In this study, computational fluid dynamics modeling of the in-cylinder processes during the closed valve portion of the cycle was used to illustrate the opportunities and challenges associated with the various fuel stratification levels.

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Section: Engine Geometry and Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

Dempsey

Curran

Wagner

2016

International Journal of Engine Research

136

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“…Particularly, at PCN > 50, though the maximum rate of pressure rise is lower than 1.0 MPa/°CA, the shortened ignition delay results in insufficient fuel-air mixing, causing smoke emissions to be a limitation of the load expansion. With decreasing the intake oxygen concentration to 10%, the high load limit can be significantly extended, for a wide range of fuel ig-nitability, but this would be at the expenses of significant increases in the UHC and CO emissions [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. One may note again that at PCN > 50, the maximum rates of pressure rise are lower than 1.0 MPa/°CA at 10% intake oxygen, suggesting potentials for further expansion of the high load limit.…”

Section: Smooth Operating Load Range Of Premixed Low-temperature Combmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke, one liter, common-rail direct-injection diesel engine with a rated power of 11.8 kW at 2200 rpm. Several experiments on LTC in previous reports have also been conducted with this engine [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The injection pressure, P inj was set at 60 MPa, engine speed at 1320 rpm, coolant temperature at 80 °C, temperature of the intake mixture including the cooled EGR gas around 30 °C, and the swirl and compression ratios at 2.2 and 16, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding diesel LTC, due to the low volatility of diesel fuels, most research is focused on direct injection strategies with either very-early injections for a lean mixture [9][10][11] or moderately-advanced (or retarded) injections with large quantities of cooled EGR [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In the very-early injection strategies, specially designed injector or injection strategies are necessary to avoid oil dilution by liquid spray impinging upon the cylinder walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence of premixed low-temperature diesel combustion on fuel ignitability and volatility

Moriwaki

Ogawa

et al. 2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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Abstract:A comprehensive study of fuel property effects in internal combustion engines is required to enable fuel diversification as well as applications to advanced engines being developed for operation with a variety of combustion modes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of fuel ignitability and volatility over a wide range on premixed low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes in diesel engines. Twenty three fuels were prepared from commercial gasoline, kerosene, and diesel as baseline fuels and with the addition of additives, to generate a cetane number (CN) range from 11 to 75. Experiments with a single cylinder diesel engine operated in moderately-advanced-injection LTC modes were conducted to evaluate these fuels. The combustion phasing is demonstrated to be a good indicator to estimate the in-cylinder peak pressure, exhaust gas emissions, and thermal efficiency in the LTC mode. Fuel ignitability affects the combustion phasing by changing the ignition delay. The predicted cetane number (PCN) based on fuel molecular structure analysis can be fitted to the ignition delays with a higher coefficient of determination than CN, suggesting a good potential as a fuel ignitability measure over a wide range. The stable operating load range in the smokeless LTC mode depends more on the actual ignition delay or PCN rather than CN. With fixed injection timing and intake oxygen concentration, O 2in , only when PCN < 40, the load range can be expanded significantly to higher loads. With holding the combustion phasing at TDC and varying O 2in , the NOx and smoke emissions become limitations of the load expansion for some fuels. The effects of fuel volatility on the characteristics of LTC are small compared to ignitability. Finally, the operational injection timing range and robustness of the LTC to fuel ignitability are examined, showing that the advantageous ignitability range becomes narrower with fuel ignitability decreasing.

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“…For this reason they were desired by the Formula 1 pilots, but also and by many drivers willing to drive a car dynamically (nervous) (Christensen et al, 1999;Dahl et al, 2013;Dahl and Denbratt, 2012;Dempsey et al, 2013;Dernotte et al, 2014;Erjavec, 2009;Kavuri et al, 2016;Kitamura et al, 2002;Kokjohn et al, 2011;Li et al, 2007;Ludvigsen, 2005;Manente et al, 2011;Ozasa et al, 2016;Pan et al, 2016;Petrescu and Petrescu, 2011;Reed et al, 2016;Rezaei et al, 2016;Schmitt and Boulouchos, 2016;Sellnau et al, 2015;Shahlari et al, 2013;Sjöberg et al, 2002;Warnatz et al, 2006;Wong et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Something about the V Engines Design

Aversa¹,

Petrescu²,

Apicella³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Characterization of Low Temperature Diesel Combustion with Various Dilution Gases

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

Dependence of premixed low-temperature diesel combustion on fuel ignitability and volatility

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