Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Abuse Behavior Using Experimental and Computational Analysis

López, Carlos F.; Jeevarajan, Judith A.; Mukherjee, Partha P.

doi:10.1149/2.0751510jes

Cited by 175 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In [30][31][32], the electrochemical-thermal model is extended with reaction kinetics based on an ODE formulation. Some newer results can be found in [33][34][35]. In [33] an oven test and the influence of convection is investigated, while [34] is focused on a Lithium-Titanate Battery with a model similar as the one described in [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of the Thermal Runaway Behavior of Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells—Computing of Critical Parameters

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The thermal behavior of Li-ion cells is an important safety issue and has to be known under varying thermal conditions. The main objective of this work is to gain a better understanding of the temperature increase within the cell considering different heat sources under specified working conditions. With respect to the governing physical parameters, the major aim is to find out under which thermal conditions a so called Thermal Runaway occurs. Therefore, a mathematical electrochemical-thermal model based on the Newman model has been extended with a simple combustion model from reaction kinetics including various types of heat sources assumed to be based on an Arrhenius law. This model was realized in COMSOL Multiphysics modeling software. First simulations were performed for a cylindrical 18650 cell with a LiCoO 2 -cathode to calculate the temperature increase under two simple electric load profiles and to compute critical system parameters. It has been found that the critical cell temperature T crit , above which a thermal runaway may occur is approximately 400 K, which is near the starting temperature of the decomposition of the Solid-Electrolyte-Interface in the anode at 393.15 K. Furthermore, it has been found that a thermal runaway can be described in three main stages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of the Thermal Runaway Behavior of Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells—Computing of Critical Parameters

et al. 2016

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“…The newly developed model at its current status does not consider the ejecta event due to complexity of the variation in the pressure and heat generated within the cell during the ejecta event. To the best of our knowledge, this complexity has not been taken into account in any published thermal runaway models [15][16][17][18][19]. Secondly, the thermocouple, which is taped on the surface of the cell, might detect a lower temperature than the real value.…”

Section: Model Validation For Thermal Runawaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted thermal runaway compared well with the oven test results. Lopez et al [16] investigated the thermal runaway behaviour of batteries based on Arrhenius formulations of various thermal reactions reported by Kim et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling electro-thermal response of lithium-ion batteries from normal to abuse conditions

et al. 2017

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Insight of thermal behaviour of lithium-ion batteries under various operating conditions is crucial for the development of battery management system (BMS). Although battery thermal behaviour has been studied by published models, the reported modelling normally addresses either normal operation or thermal runaway condition. A comprehensive electro-thermal model which can capture heat generation, voltage and current variation during the whole process from normal cycling to thermal runaway should be of benefit for BMS by evaluating critical factors influencing potential transition to thermal runaway and investigating the evolution process under different cooling and environment conditions. In this study, such a three-dimensional model has been developed within the frame of open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM to study the electrical and thermal behaviour of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The equations governing the electric conduction are coupled with heat transfer and energy balance within the cell. The model has well captured the evolution process of a cell from normal cycling to abnormal behaviour until thermal runaway and achieved reasonably good agreement with the measurements. The validated model has then been used to conduct parametric studies of this particular type of LIB by evaluating the effects of discharging current rates, airflow quantities, ambient temperatures and thickness of airflow channel on the response of the cell. Faster function losses, earlier thermal runaway and higher extreme temperatures were found when cells were discharged under higher current rates. The airflow with specific velocity was found to provide effective mitigation against over-heating when the ambient temperature was below 370K but less effective when the ambient temperature was higher than the critical value of 425K. The thickness of airflow channel was also found to have critical influence on the cell tolerance to elevated temperatures. These parametric studies demonstrate that the model can be used to predict potential LIB transition to thermal runaway under various conditions and aid BMS.

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“…Within Li-ion cells an internal short circuit can generate sufficient heat to initiate exothermic side reactions involving energy dense and sometimes volatile components within the cell-when these proceed out of control they cause a thermal runaway resulting in fires [8]. Additional electrical, mechanical, or thermal abuse conditions may also contribute to such a reaction cascade in certain circumstances and be associated with thermal runaway to adversely affect Li-ion cells [9].…”

Section: The Thermal Runaway Cascadementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional electrical, mechanical, or thermal abuse conditions may also contribute to such a reaction cascade in certain circumstances and be associated with thermal runaway to adversely affect Li-ion cells [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Deeper into the Galaxy (Note 7)

et al. 2018

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Li-ion cell designs, component integrity, and manufacturing processes all have critical influence on the safety of Li-ion batteries. Any internal defective features that induce a short circuit, can trigger a thermal runaway: a cascade of reactions, leading to a device fire. As consumer device manufacturers push aggressively for increased battery energy, instances of field failure are increasingly reported. Notably, Samsung made a press release in 2017 following a total product recall of their Galaxy Note 7 mobile phone, confirming speculation that the events were attributable to the battery and its mode of manufacture. Recent incidences of battery swelling on the new iPhone 8 have been reported in the media, and the techniques and lessons reported herein may have future relevance. Here we look deeper into the key components of one of these cells and confirm evidence of cracking of electrode material in tightly folded areas, combined with a delamination of surface coating on the separator, which itself is an unusually thin monolayer. We report microstructural information about the electrodes, battery welding attributes, and thermal mapping of the battery whilst operational. The findings present a deeper insight into the battery's component microstructures than previously disseminated. This points to the most probable combination of events and highlights the impact of design features, whilst providing structural considerations most likely to have led to the reported incidences relating to this phone.

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Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Abuse Behavior Using Experimental and Computational Analysis

Cited by 175 publications

References 32 publications

Modeling and Simulation of the Thermal Runaway Behavior of Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells—Computing of Critical Parameters

Modeling and Simulation of the Thermal Runaway Behavior of Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells—Computing of Critical Parameters

Modelling electro-thermal response of lithium-ion batteries from normal to abuse conditions

Looking Deeper into the Galaxy (Note 7)

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