Characterization of Lesions Caused by a South American Virulent Isolate (‘Quillota’) of the Hog Cholera Virus

Quezada, M.; Cayo, L.; Carrasco, L.; Islas, Armando; Lecocq, C; Sierra, M. A.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0450.2000.00376.x

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The most relevant histopathological finding in the tonsil are congestion of the blood vessels along with focal to diffuse areas of haemorrhage (Malswamkima, Rajkhowa, Chandra, & Dutta, ). Necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes, haemorrhages and tonsillitis have also been described (Blome et al., ; Quezada et al., ). Notably, despite the high viral load detected in the tonsils from persistently infected pigs, neither macroscopic nor histopathological lesions were found, a fact that may hinder the detection of this type of infected animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Bohórquez

Wang

Pérez‐Simó

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of the most important pathogens affecting swine. After infection with a moderate virulence strain at 8 hours after birth, CSFV is able to induce viral persistence. These animals may appear clinically healthy or showed unspecific clinical signs despite the permanent viremia and high viral shedding, in absence of immune response to the virus. Given the role played by this infection in disease control, we aimed to evaluate the capacity of CSFV to induce postnatal persistent infection at 3 weeks after birth. Nine pigs were CSFV infected and sampled weekly during 6 weeks and viral, clinical, pathological and immunological tests were carried out. Also, the CD4/CD8 ratio was calculated with the purpose to relate this marker with the CSFV persistent infection. The IFN‐α response was detected mainly 1 week after infection, being similar in all the infected animals. However, 44.4% of animals were CSFV persistently infected, 33.3% died and 22.2% developed specific antibody response. Interestingly, in persistently infected pigs, the T‐CD8 population was increased, the T‐CD4 subset was decreased and lower CD4/CD8 ratios were detected. This is the first report of CSFV capacity to confer postnatal persistent infection in pigs infected at 3 weeks after birth, an age in which the weaning could be carried out in some swine production systems. This type of infected animals shed high amounts of virus and are difficult to evaluate from the clinical and anatomopathological point of view. Therefore, the detection of this type of infection and its elimination in endemic areas will be relevant for global CSF eradication. Finally, the low CD4/CD8 ratios found in persistently infected animals may be implicated in maintaining high CSFV replication during persistence and further studies will be performed to decipher the role of these cells in CSFV immunopathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes, haemorrhages and tonsillitis have also been described (Blome et al, 2017;Quezada et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Bohórquez

Wang

Pérez‐Simó

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Smatra se da je prisustvo antigena virusa u trombocitima posledica infekcije malog broja megakariocita (2-4%) i nije uzrok rane trombocitopenije. Morfološke i subcelularne promene trombocita odgovaraju promenama koje se ustanovljavaju nakon aplikacije medijatora agragacije trombocita iz makrofaga (71). Druge hematološke promene obuhvataju progresivno nestajanje eozinofilnih i bazofilnih granulocita, anemija sa anizocitozom, poikilocitozom, polihromazija (84).…”

Section: Hematološke Promene Tokom Kksunclassified

“…Unutrašnjim pregledom petehije i ekhimoze se nalaze najčešće na limfnim čvorovima, bubrezima, ređe na srcu, seroznim i mukoznim membranama abdomena i grudnog koša (62), mokraćnoj bešici, intestinalnoj serozi i mukozi, larinksu, epiglotisu, koži i subkutisu (45). Sekundarne bakterijske infekcije intenziviraju i često modifikuju patološki nalaz (71). Petehije do ekhimoze su prisutne na površini bubrega, subkapsularno, ređe u meduli i u predelu hilusa (45).…”

Section: Patomorfološke Promeneunclassified

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Influence of colostral antibodes on immunity of piglets vaccinated against classical swine fiver

Radulović¹

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Pulmonary intravascular macrophages regulate the pathogenetic mechanisms of pulmonary lesions during acute courses of classical swine fever

Núñez

Sánchez-Cordón

Pedrera

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. Pulmonary oedema and haemorrhages in lung parenchyma are common lesions in the acute forms of CSF that may compromise pig survival and whose pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. The appearance of pulmonary lesions in pigs infected with Alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) euthanized between 2 and 17 days postinfection (dpi) and the role played by cytokines secreted by different pulmonary macrophage populations in the evolution of lesions was evaluated in this study. Microscopic changes of alveolar septal thickening along with oedema and haemorrhages became more severe at middle-late stages of the experiment. A significant increase in the number of pulmonary macrophages, mainly pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs), was observed coinciding with the onset of alveolar septal thickening from Day 4 pi. PIMs were the main target of CSFV from initial stages of infection while the presence of infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was scarce and late. Initial infection of PIMs induced phagocytic and biosynthetic activation with subsequent release of chemotactic cytokines. TNFα and, to a lesser extent, IL-1α secreted by PIMs were the major cytokines involved, while IL-6 played only a minor role. On the contrary, results suggested only a secondary role of PAMs as source of cytokines. The presence of vascular changes from Day 9 pi coincided with the highest levels of infected PIMs and the highest number of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreting PIMs. Activation and phagocytosis of platelets were observed in the lungs of infected pigs from early stages, also coinciding with the expression of cytokines with a proven procoagulant activity. The existence of intravascular coagulation phenomena in lung was ruled out.

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Characterization of Lesions Caused by a South American Virulent Isolate (‘Quillota’) of the Hog Cholera Virus

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Influence of colostral antibodes on immunity of piglets vaccinated against classical swine fiver

Pulmonary intravascular macrophages regulate the pathogenetic mechanisms of pulmonary lesions during acute courses of classical swine fever

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