Characterization of lead glazed potteries from Smyrna (İzmir/Turkey) using multiple analytical techniques; Part II: Body

An archaeometric study of a Late Neolithic cup and coeval and Chalcolithic ceramic sherds found in the São Paulo Cave, Almada, Portugal

“…Anatase (A, TiO 2, main peaks are located at 145, 396, 510, and 635 cm −1 ) is present in curve (ii), but that rutile, also titanium dioxide, apparently is not. Taking into account that the transformation anatase → rutile occurs at temperatures varying from ~500°C to 1,200°C and depends on the crystal size, the heating rate, the atmospheric conditions, and the firing duration in the kiln, and the absence of rutile may not be really significant. For Type 1 samples some rutile in principle could be found, but it certainly was not detected in large quantities.…”

Studies of the Iranian medieval ceramics surface modified by pulsed tea CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers

“…This technique has been widely used in many industrial, environmental, geological, and archeological investigations. During the past ten years, the use of portable XRF spectrometers has increased for many, relatively non-destructive applications that generate fast results in analyses of major and trace elements in tested samples [10,24,[50][51][52][53].…”

“…Barone et al, [9], and Casaletto et al, [10] studied archeological ceramic artefacts found in different Italian sites, Coentro, [11] used multi-analytical methods for identification of pigment used in the 17th century Portuguese azulejos, and Pérez-Arantegui et al, [16] tested ancient cobaltblue-decorated ceramics from Aragon (Spain). Tite et al [21], Al-Saad [22], and Özçatala [24], investigated Islamic ceramics. The medieval ceramics from Ras and Bač (Serbia) were investigated as well [16,23].…”

“…Ceramic objects are composed of a mixture of natural materials that are, by a variety of processes, transformed to a solid, brittle substance with high thermal resistance, high hardness and chemical stability. Ceramics played an important part in human lives throughout history [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the past, it was used for practical and decorative objects, as a structural material for buildings, aqueducts, etc.…”

Raman Spectroscopy of cultural heritage Materials: Overview of Applications and New Frontiers in Instrumentation, Sampling Modalities, and Data Processing

“…But Raman spectroscopy can also be used to study the mineralogy of the ceramic paste and decoration. The growing use of Raman micro-spectroscopy in this area is related to its spatial resolution, its non-invasive character, the selectivity of signatures, and its convenient implementation, which are particularly attractive for applications to ceramic objects [25,58,109,227]. Studies of the pigments used for ceramic glazes in soft paste, hard paste and majolica ceramics have been the subjects of numerous articles and are extensively reviewed elsewhere [68,84,86,87,90,125,258].…”