Characterization of lead glazed potteries from Smyrna (Izmir/Turkey) using multiple analytical techniques; Part I: Glaze and engobe

Özçatal, Melih; Yaygıngöl, M.; İssi, Ali; Kara, Alpagut; Turan, Servet; Okyar, F.; Taş, Ş. Pfeiffer; Nastova, Irena; Grupče, Orhideja; Minčeva-Šukarova, Biljana

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.09.014

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The presence of amorphous carbon in ceramics may have originated from organic substances existing naturally in the clay source or from the adding of wood or bone ash to sand and clay for paste preparation. It may also be precipitated on the exterior of ceramics during cooking or burial . Furthermore, the spectra recorded in the red coatings of some samples are characterized by a strong band at 1085 cm −1 together with 160, 280, and 712 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of Na 2 O and K 2 O likely relates to clay mineral content (e.g. illite, muscovite, and feldspars) . The quantities of other elements obtained from the red coatings are between 0.14 and 8.28 wt% for CaO, 0.38 and 4.38 wt% for TiO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last two decades, scientific investigations involving Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray florescence (XRF), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have become increasingly important to archaeological and cultural‐heritage studies . Archaeometrical research of artworks and natural heritage artifacts, including ceramics, pigments, glass, paintings, gemstones, minerals, and so on commonly uses Raman spectroscopy to analyze the chemical and mineralogical attributes of such artifacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐technique study of archaeological cord‐marked wares decorated with red coatings from Taiwan

Liou

2014

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Archaeological finds of Neolithic to Iron Age pottery show clay potsherds characterized by red cord-markings. The items date back from 5500 to 1500 B.P. To better understand temporal changes in the provenance of raw-material sources, and the nature of materials used in the red colorant and ceramic bodies, micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and micro X-ray florescence spectroscopy (μXRF) were applied to 29 red-coated potsherd samples found at twelve archaeological sites across Taiwan. The techniques identified the chemical and mineralogical composition of the red coatings and ceramic bodies as well as the production methods of ancient potters. Eighteen mineral phases were identified from the Raman spectra, including hematite, αquartz, and anatase. Feldspar, rutile, pyroxenes, calcite, gypsum, amorphous carbon, and graphite were also detected. XRD measurements, and μXRF analyses were used as complementary techniques to obtain mineral and chemical compositions. Hematite, anatase, calcite, plagioclase feldspar, and illite were present in potsherds, suggesting pottery produced from illitic clays fired at less than 850°C under oxidizing conditions. Results further suggest that raw materials were sourced from or near local volcanic rock areas, and more broadly from metamorphic or sedimentary rocks and clays. Chemically, raw materials used for red coatings are different to those of the ceramic bodies. Objects from most sites used the same raw material sources; however, some sites contain objects made from changing sources over time. Pot coatings exhibit polygonal cracks, and loosened cementation strongly suggesting that finely processed moist clays were fired to a biscuit form with no second stage firing process. The nondestructive Raman experiments identified and characterized mineral phases, which helped understand manufacturing techniques. Overall the multi-technique approach gave extensive information on the finds, helping to differentiate raw material sources and production technologies. This approach is an important and effective method for investigating archaeological finds. quantities versus (c) Al 2 O 3 and (d) TiO 2 . The non-broken and dotted lined circles include most of the decorations and ceramic bodies of analyzed samples, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐technique study of archaeological cord‐marked wares decorated with red coatings from Taiwan

Liou

2014

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…As far as external glazed surfaces are concerned, the results indicate, for samples AZR5 and AZR7, a glaze composition based on Pb-and Si-oxides [34,35], with iron-oxides responsible for the yellowish pigmented layers [35,36]. In the case of AZR3 shard, the dark coloration can be hypothesized to be due to iron oxides.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 85%

RBS, PIXE, Ion-Microbeam and SR-FTIR Analyses of Pottery Fragments from Azerbaijan

et al. 2019

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The present work is aimed at the investigation of the ceramic bulk and pigmented glazed surfaces of ancient potteries dating back to XIX century A.D. and coming from the charming archeological site located in the Medieval Agsu town (Azerbaijan), a geographic area of special interest due to the ancient commercial routes between China, Asia Minor, and Europe. For the purpose of the study, complementary investigation tools have been exploited: non-destructive or micro-destructive investigation at elemental level by ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques, by using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy and ion-microbeam analysis, and chemical characterization at microscopic level, by means of synchrotron radiation (SR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The acquired information reveals useful for the identification of the provenance, the reconstruction of the firing technology, and finally, the identification of the pigment was used as a colorant of the glaze.

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“…[18][19][20][21][22][23] Often, in these kinds of studies, Raman spectroscopy does not show the presence of additional crystalline phases in glazes, whose colour must be attributable to the presence of metal ions (chromophores) dispersed in the glassy matrix [24][25][26] or to nanoclusters of metals as in the case of lusterware, emerged during the Middle Ages. [27,28] Most of the times, Raman spectroscopy has been employed for determining the structural characteristics of the glassy matrix composing the surface coatings, [29] allowing the differentation of composition and, in some cases, to date the artefacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and SEM‐EDS insights into technological aspects of Medieval and Renaissance ceramics from Southern Italy

Caggiani

Barone

Ferri

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

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An analytical investigation performed on Southern Italy pottery highlighted the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy to give answers to archaeological questions. It can provide important information concerning the production technology and raw materials constituting the glassy coatings. Raman spectroscopy was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) for observations and elemental analysis. The studied samples, ranging from the 13th century lead‐tin‐glazed protomajolica to the 15th –16th enamelled pottery, come from the Castles of Montella and Ariano Irpino (Campania), from the castles of Scicli and Modica and from surveys carried out in Buscemi and Caltagirone (Sicily). Glassy matrices, opacifying agents, colour‐related raw materials and body‐coating interface crystalline phases were investigated. Though the coatings resulted all typically lead‐rich glass types, lumps showing a different Raman profile suggested that at least in one case, the batch was adultered with recycled glass waste. Furthermore, samples coming from Montella, belonging to the three main classes of ceramics defined by archaeological hypothesis, could be grouped according to their cassiterite content. The crystallization of lead–potassium feldspars at the coating‐body interface in a group of samples was ascertained. With regard to the origin of colours, the spectra of blue coatings highlighted phases that can be traced back to the use of Co‐based and Co–As‐based raw materials, while turquoise decorations were found to contain malayaite.

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Characterization of lead glazed potteries from Smyrna (Izmir/Turkey) using multiple analytical techniques; Part I: Glaze and engobe

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Multi‐technique study of archaeological cord‐marked wares decorated with red coatings from Taiwan

Multi‐technique study of archaeological cord‐marked wares decorated with red coatings from Taiwan

RBS, PIXE, Ion-Microbeam and SR-FTIR Analyses of Pottery Fragments from Azerbaijan

Raman and SEM‐EDS insights into technological aspects of Medieval and Renaissance ceramics from Southern Italy

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