Characterization of laser-treated paper

Laser cleaning of paper: Cleaning efficiency and irradiation dose

“…In contrast to inorganic materials (such as stone), laser irradiation of bio-organic materials (such as paper) may lead to photochemical and photothermal degradation. (Kautek et al, 1998;Kolar et al, 2000aKolar et al, , 2000bKolar et al, , 2002Kolar et al, , 2003Bloisi et al, 2003;Kaminska et al, 2003Kaminska et al, , 2004Kaminska et al, , 2005Strlic et al, 2003;Georgiou, 2004;Rudolph et al, 2004aRudolph et al, , 2004bCarmona et al, 2011;Forster et al, 2011;Pentzien et al, 2011;Arif et al, 2012Arif et al, , 2012b2013a, 2013bArif & Kautek, 2013;Ganeev, 2014).…”

“…It occurs mainly with infrared but also with ultraviolet radiation, while remedial action can be taken by choosing visible wavelengths (Kolar et al, 2000b;Kaminska et al, 2003Kaminska et al, , 2004Kaminska et al, , 2005Strlic et al, 2003Strlic et al, , 2005Rudolph et al, 2004aRudolph et al, , 2004bKautek, 2008;2010;Krüger et al, 2008;Pentzien et al, 2010;Forster et al, 2011;Arif et al, 2013aArif et al, , 2013b.…”

Evaluation of femtosecond laser pulse irradiation of ancient parchment

“…Laser cleaning of paintings [3] consists in the elimination of the outermost oxidised varnish layers or overpaints through a laser ablation process in which thermal, photochemical and photomechanical mechanisms contribute in various extents. On the other hand, laser cleaning of fibrous substrates such as parchment, documents and textiles involves the selective removal of impurities via essentially a thermal evaporation process [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Characterization of Laser-Generated Microparticles by Means of a Dust Monitor and SEM Imaging

“…In reality, laser cleaning of paper is a complex process depending on the (optical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical) properties of the pollutant and of the matrix and also on the laser parameters like wavelength, pulse duration, spatial intensity distribution, and repetition rate. In recent years, a few papers were published concerning the topic [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. To avoid an undesirable destruction of the paper, a working range for the laser has to be found.…”

“…The laser parameters have to be chosen that the damage threshold of the matrix material is not reached. Generally, the term "damage" includes immediate as well as long-term effects which might cause an irreversible change of the paper material (e.g., thermal destabilization of the substrate [2,8], color changes [4,5], and any influence on the ageing behavior [8]). …”