Characterization of Langmuir-Blodgett Multilayers Using a QuartzCrystal Microbalance: Estimation of Molecular Area and Ionization

Transport properties of water and pentane in Langmuir–Blodgett films

“…How$ver, we have used LB films with thicknesses less than 3000 A, and for such thin films, viscoelasticity can be generally neglected. This can be confirmed (as we do; see Figure 2B) by demonstrating that, as is predicted by the Sauerbrey equation, frequency changes scale linearly with thickness (Orata and Buttry, 1987;Hanley et al, 1994).…”

“…The procedure for depositing LB films onto the QCM was similar to that described previously (Hanley et al, 1994). We purchased 10-MHz quartz crystals polished to less than one micron from International Crystal Manufacturing Co., OK. Before fabricating the electrodes, we first cleaned the crystals using the RCA method (Kern and Puotinen, 1970).…”

“…With regard to the latter, we use the QCM to measure the mass of the vapor-free LB film, and to monitor the deposition of the individual layers during film formation. The incremental frequency change resulting from each layer deposited can be recorded to confirm the transfer of the layer from the water surface onto the QCM (Hanley et al, 1994;Okahata and Ariga, 1987;Okahata et al, 1992;McCaffrey et al, 1986;Roberts et al, 1988, Facci et al, 1993King, 1971). Recently, we have also shown that the QCM can be used to estimate certain average molecular properties of the resultant films such as molecular area and degree of ionization (Hanley et al, 1994).…”

Facile Preparation of Highly Oriented Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Langmuir–Blodgett Nanofilms Assisted by Amphiphilic Polymer Nanosheets

“…QCM method is an effective means to measure the film change, in that mass changes result in frequency changes, as described by the Sauerbrey equation normalΔ F = prefix− 2 F 0 2 A μ ρ normalΔ m Therein, Δ F stands for the change of frequency, F 0 denotes the resonant frequency of the quartz resonator (= 9 MHz), A is the active vibrating area, μ signifies the shear modulus of quartz (= 2.947 × 10 10 kg/(m s)), ρ represents the quartz density (= 2648 kg/m 3 ), and Δ m is the mass change.…”

Monitoring Protein Fouling of Metal Surfaces via a Quartz Crystal Microbalance

“…For the particular quartz crystals used in this study the theoretical value of k is equal to 2.264 × 10 −7 kg −2 m 4 s 3/2 . In practice it is necessary to calibrate electrodes by depositing known masses of material, e.g., via Langmuir-Blodgett films (30), or by combining Eq. [1] with Eq.…”