Characterization of kaolin intercalates of oleochemicals derived from rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) and tea seed (Camelia sinensis) oils

Mgbemena, Chinedum Ogonna; Ibekwe, Naboth O.; Sukumar, Rugmini; Menon, A. R. R.

doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2012.11.004

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While this was ascribed to Si-O normal to the planar stretching, the absorption band observed at 1023 to 997 cm −1 for the treated kaolinite and 995 cm −1 for the beneficiated kaolinite corresponds to the Si-O planar stretching which in fact concurs with 1025 to 995 cm −1 reported by [32]. To be more precise, the bands at 1023 cm −1 represent the in-plane Si-O planar stretching and 997 cm −1 or 995 cm −1 represents the out-phase Si-O planar stretching [32,34,35] and the alternating Si-O and Al-O bonds [36]; this is in close agreement to the 995 cm −1 obtained by [36] and the 997 cm −1 obtained by [38]. Another band seen at 910 cm for the beneficiated kaolinite which closely relates to others of similar range reported in the literature such as 913 cm −1 [34], 907 cm −1 [36], 912 cm −1 [35], and 907 [39] is attributed to the OH deformation of inner hydroxyl groups due to the Al-OH bending [34].…”

Section: Ft-irsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Furthermore, a complete disappearance of both dispersed euhedral pseudohexagonal platelets, vermicular booklets as well as brain-form agglomeration, was observed in the nanocomposite KPDMUG (Figure 4(e)) when the urea intercalated kaolinite was encapsulated with acacia powder and, instead, the surface' morphology was observed to exhibit smooth mat at lower magnification which in the higher magnification the appearance was that of numerous small round particles assembled in a mat (Figure 4(eii)). of beneficiated kaolinite correspond to the in-phase OH stretching of the inner surface hydroxyl of the kaolinite [32][33][34][35], whereas the vibrations seen at 3650 cm −1 are ascribed to the out-phase OH stretching vibrations of the inner surface hydroxyl groups. The bands exhibited at 3618 cm…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be more precise, the bands at 1023 cm −1 represent the in-plane Si-O planar stretching and 997 cm −1 or 995 cm −1 represents the out-phase Si-O planar stretching [32,34,35] and the alternating Si-O and Al-O bonds [36]; this is in close agreement to the 995 cm −1 obtained by [36] and the 997 cm −1 obtained by [38]. Another band seen at 910 cm for the beneficiated kaolinite which closely relates to others of similar range reported in the literature such as 913 cm −1 [34], 907 cm −1 [36], 912 cm −1 [35], and 907 [39] is attributed to the OH deformation of inner hydroxyl groups due to the Al-OH bending [34]. Elsewhere, this band was ascribed to the Al-OH bending mode of kaolinite [36], Al (VI) -OH vibrations [35], and Al (VI) -OH vibrations [39].…”

Section: Ft-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Encapsulated Urea-Kaolinite Nanocomposite for Controlled Release Fertilizer Formulations

Sempeho¹,

Kim²,

Mubofu³

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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Urea controlled release fertilizer (CRF) was prepared via kaolinite intercalation followed by gum arabic encapsulation in an attempt to reduce its severe losses associated with dissolution, hydrolysis, and diffusion. Following the beneficiation, the nonkaolinite fraction decreased from 39.58% to 0.36% whereas the kaolinite fraction increased from 60.42% to 99.64%. The X-ray diffractions showed that kaolinite was a major phase with FCC Bravais crystal lattice with particle sizes ranging between 14.6 nm and 92.5 nm. The particle size varied with intercalation ratios with methanol intercalated kaolinite > DMSO-kaolinite > urea-kaolinite (KPDMU). Following intercalation, SEM analysis revealed a change of order from thick compact overlapping euhedral pseudohexagonal platelets to irregular booklets which later transformed to vermiform morphology and dispersed euhedral pseudohexagonal platelets. Besides, dispersed euhedral pseudohexagonal platelets were seen to coexist with blocky-vermicular booklets. In addition, a unique brain-form agglomeration which transformed into roundish particles mart was observed after encapsulation. The nanocomposites decomposed between 48 and 600 ∘ C. Release profiles showed that 100% of urea was released in 97 hours from KPDMU while 87% was released in 150 hours from the encapsulated nanocomposite. The findings established that it is possible to use Pugu kaolinite and gum arabic biopolymer to prepare urea CRF formulations.

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Section: Ft-irsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ft-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Encapsulated Urea-Kaolinite Nanocomposite for Controlled Release Fertilizer Formulations

Sempeho¹,

Kim²,

Mubofu³

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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“…Following chemical treatment with salt solution this stacking sequence was observed to change to vermiform shaped particles mixed with skinny stacked euhedral pseudo hexagonal platelets ( Figure 5). Salt treatment was therefore seen to possess the capacity to expose and activate the kaolinite functional layers [23,24] 3618-3620 Inner hydroxyl groups between tetrahedral and octahedral kaolinite sheets [24][25][26] 3650…”

Section: Sem-edax Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Kaolinite-Urea Nanocomposites via Coupled DMSO-Hydroxyaluminum Oligomeric Intermediates

Sempeho

Kim

Mubofu

et al. 2015

Indian Journal of Materials Science

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Kaolinite-urea nanocomposites were prepared via intercalation reactions in an attempt to investigate the dynamic nature of kaolinite morphology for advanced applications in controlled release systems (CRS). Characterization was done using SEM-EDX, XRF, ATR-FTIR, XRD, and DT/DTG; Andreasen pipette sedimentation technique was used to determine the grain size distribution of the raw kaolinite. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the existence of an FCC Bravais lattice where the intercalation ratios attained were 51.2%, 32.4%, 7.0%, and 38.4% for hydroxyaluminum oligomeric intercalated kaolinite, substituted urea intercalated kaolinite, calcined DMSO intercalated kaolinite, and hydroxyaluminum reintercalated kaolinite, respectively, along with their respective crystallite sizes of 33.51-31.73 nm, 41.92-39.69 nm, 22.31-21.13 nm, and 41.86-39.63 nm. The outcomes demonstrated that the employed intercalation routes require improvements as the intercalation reactions were in average only ≈32.3%. The observations unveiled that it is possible to manipulate kaolinite structure into various morphologies including dense-tightly packed overlapping euhedral pseudo hexagonal platelets, stacked vermiform morphologies, postulated forms, and unique patterns exhibiting self-assembled curled glomeruli-like morphologies. Such a diversity of kaolinite morphologies expedites its advanced applications in the controlled release systems (CRS) such as drug delivery systems and controlled release fertilizers (CRFs).

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“…Following a similar procedure reported earlier by Rugmini and Menon (2008) and Mgbemena et al (2013) respectively, the sodium salt of rubber seed oil (SRSO) was stoichiometrically prepared by mixing RSO with20% NaOH solution at a ratio of 1:3 in an ice bath with continuous stirring for 12 h. The resulting mixture was kept for 1 day to cure. The final pH of the resulting solution was adjusted to 9.…”

Section: Rso-kaolin and Tso-kaolin Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Contact Angles of Kaolin Intercalates of Oleochemicals Derived from Rubber Seed (HeveaBrasiliensis) and Tea Seed (CameliaSinensis) Oils by the Capillary Rise Method

Mgbemena¹

2013

IJMSA

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Abstract:Pristine kaolin was organically modified by employing derivatives of oleochemicals namely rubber seed oil (SRSO) and tea seed oil (STSO). Intercalation was attained by the entrance of hydrazine hydrate as co-intercalate. Characterization of the pristine kaolin and modified kaolin was done using powder X-ray diffraction which revealed increase in the interlayer basal spacing d-001 for the SRSO-modified and STSO-modified kaolins, confirming intercalation process. The FTIR studies further revealed that the fatty acid salts of rubber seed oil and tea seed oil were effectively intercalatedin the kaolinite layers as per the bands at 1564 cm -1 and 1553 cm -1 for SRSO-modified and STSO-modified kaolins respectively. The contact angle measurement using capillary rise method was performed to confirm that the pristine kaolin with initial contact angle value of ~45° was effectively modified and 'wetted' from hydrophilic state to hydrophobic state of ~90° for the SRSO-modified and STSO-modified kaolin.The determination of the contact angles of the kaolin was performed to confirm intercalation of the modified kaolin with the oleochemical derivatives.

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Characterization of kaolin intercalates of oleochemicals derived from rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) and tea seed (Camelia sinensis) oils

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Encapsulated Urea-Kaolinite Nanocomposite for Controlled Release Fertilizer Formulations

Encapsulated Urea-Kaolinite Nanocomposite for Controlled Release Fertilizer Formulations

Dynamics of Kaolinite-Urea Nanocomposites via Coupled DMSO-Hydroxyaluminum Oligomeric Intermediates

Determination of the Contact Angles of Kaolin Intercalates of Oleochemicals Derived from Rubber Seed (HeveaBrasiliensis) and Tea Seed (CameliaSinensis) Oils by the Capillary Rise Method

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