Characterization of juvenile and young adult mice following induction of hydrocephalus with kaolin

Lopes, Luíza da Silva; Slobodian, Ili; Bigio, Marc R. Del

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.05.015

Cited by 60 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similar results were observed previously in our laboratory [8]. We believe that this difference in the first days may be due to the ventricular enlargement that increases the intracranial pressure and causes headache in the animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Open field tests can be used to assess motor and exploratory activity in hydrocephalic animals [7,8]. Our hydrocephalic rats had difficulty ambulating, showed a kyphotic curvature and a broad-based stance, and were shaky due to weakness and a lack of hind paw control during the study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven-day-old pups were subjected to hydrocephalus induction via the 20% kaolin injection method [8]. After palpation and identification of the space between the dorsal edge of the foramen magnum and the first cervical vertebra, a percutaneous suboccipital puncture was made.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animals were put in a transparent acrylic glass arena and watched for 2 min every 2 days to evaluate hygiene care, environment exploration, and stance according to the following scale: 4 = alert, with normal exploration and stance; 3 = discretely lethargic, with reduced activity but a normal stance when stimulated; 2 = kyphotic, walking, but with a stance with a widened, unstable, or ataxic base; 1 = barely walking but still eating, and 0 = near death or euthanized [8]. The animals were also subjected to a memory test using a T-maze on days 5 and 13 after hydrocephalus induction (5 sequential sessions 2 times a day).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experimental hydrocephalus, the ependyma and periventricular white matter are usually also affected, especially the corpus callosum and external capsule [6,7,8]. Even in the early stages of hydrocephalus, it is possible to observe significant morphological alterations in regions involved in cognitive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre- and Postshunting Magnetization Transfer Ratios Are in Accordance with Neurological and Behavioral Changes in Hydrocephalic Immature Rats

et al. 2014

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Hydrocephalus is a common neurological condition in children characterized by an imbalance between the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), causing abnormal fluid accumulation in the brain cavities. Shunt systems have been used to drain excess CSF and to prevent progressive ventricular enlargement. However, despite improvements in these systems, neurological and structural changes cannot always be reversed. Our aim was to evaluate the magnetization transfer ratio as a biomarker for the effectiveness of a CSF shunt system to treat neurological and behavioral disorders observed in experimental hydrocephalus. Seven-day-old Wistar rats were used in this study. The pups were subjected to hydrocephalus induction via 20% kaolin intracisternal injection. After confirmation of ventriculomegaly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a group of animals underwent placement of a ventriculosubcutaneous shunt (VSS). The reduction in ventricular size in hydrocephalic rats operated with functional VSS was observed as a decrease in ventricular ratio values and preservation of the corpus callosum thickness. Magnetization transfer values were significantly increased and matched to the recovery process of axonal myelination observed based on more-intense blue staining by solochrome cyanin. The histopathological analysis revealed a reduction in reactive astrocytes by means of GFAP immunostaining. The hydrocephalic rats operated with functional VSS also showed significant progress in motor and exploratory activities, similar to the control animals, at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the VSS system employed 7 days after hydrocephalus induction was able to prevent structural damage and restore the axonal myelination process in periventricular structures by stabilizing and reducing the ventricular enlargement, and the results are in accordance with the magnetization transfer ratio in MRI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre- and Postshunting Magnetization Transfer Ratios Are in Accordance with Neurological and Behavioral Changes in Hydrocephalic Immature Rats

et al. 2014

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Memory deficits in Sprague Dawley rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly

et al. 2020

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Vanadium administration ameliorates cortical structural and functional changes in juvenile hydrocephalic mice

Olopade,

Femi‐Akinlosotu,

Dauda

et al. 2024

J of Comparative Neurology

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Vanadium is a prevalent neurotoxic transition metal with therapeutic potentials in some neurological conditions. Hydrocephalus poses a major clinical burden in neurological practice in Africa. Its primary treatment (shunting) has complications, including infection and blockage; alternative drug‐based therapies are therefore necessary. This study investigates the function and cytoarchitecture of motor and cerebellar cortices in juvenile hydrocephalic mice following treatment with varying doses of vanadium. Fifty juvenile mice were allocated into five groups (n = 10 each): controls, hydrocephalus‐only, low‐ (0.15 mg/kg), moderate‐ (0.3 mg/kg), and high‐ (3.0 mg/kg) dose vanadium groups. Hydrocephalus was induced by the intracisternal injection of kaolin and sodium metavanadate administered by intraperitoneal injection 72hourly for 28 days. Neurobehavioral tests: open field, hanging wire, and pole tests, were carried out to assess locomotion, muscular strength, and motor coordination, respectively. The cerebral motor and the cerebellar cortices were processed for cresyl violet staining and immunohistochemistry for neurons (NeuN) and astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Hydrocephalic mice exhibited body weight loss and behavioral deficits. Horizontal and vertical movements and latency to fall from hanging wire were significantly reduced, while latency to turn and descend the pole were prolonged in hydrocephalic mice, suggesting impaired motor ability; this was improved in vanadium‐treated mice. Increased neuronal count, pyknotic cells, neurodegeneration and reactive astrogliosis were observed in the hydrocephalic mice. These were mostly mitigated in the vanadium‐treated mice, except in the high‐dose group where astrogliosis persisted. These results demonstrate a neuroprotective potential of vanadium administration in hydrocephalus. The molecular basis of these effects needs further exploration.

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Characterization of juvenile and young adult mice following induction of hydrocephalus with kaolin

Cited by 60 publications

References 51 publications

Pre- and Postshunting Magnetization Transfer Ratios Are in Accordance with Neurological and Behavioral Changes in Hydrocephalic Immature Rats

Pre- and Postshunting Magnetization Transfer Ratios Are in Accordance with Neurological and Behavioral Changes in Hydrocephalic Immature Rats

Memory deficits in Sprague Dawley rats with spontaneous ventriculomegaly

Vanadium administration ameliorates cortical structural and functional changes in juvenile hydrocephalic mice

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