Characterization of Jatropha curcas lignins

Yamamura, Masaomi; Akashi, Kinya; Yokota, Akiho; Hattori, Takefumi; Suzuki, Shiro; Shibata, Daisuke; Umezawa, Toshiaki

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.12.0515b

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Many of the Euphorbiaceae plants characterized in this study, for example, J. curcas, V. fordii (also known as the tung oil tree), A. moluccana (candlenut), and R. communis (castor oil plant), have attracted considerable research attention for their potential applications as feedstocks for biodiesel production (Sujatha et al, 2008;Vega-Sánchez and Ronald, 2010;Abdulla et al, 2011). Studies describing chemical and/or even NMR analysis of seed coats in these plants have consequently been reported recently by other groups (Klein et al, 2010;Martin et al, 2010;Watanabe et al, 2012;Wever et al, 2012;Yamamura et al, 2012). However, the presence of C lignin in the seed coats has remained unclear, possibly because the notion that polymers could result from caffeyl alcohol polymerization has only been recently recognized (Chen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Coexistence but Independent Biosynthesis of Catechyl and Guaiacyl/Syringyl Lignin Polymers in Seed Coats

et al. 2013

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Lignins are phenylpropanoid polymers, derived from monolignols, commonly found in terrestrial plant secondary cell walls. We recently reported evidence of an unanticipated catechyl lignin homopolymer (C lignin) derived solely from caffeyl alcohol in the seed coats of several monocot and dicot plants. We previously identified plant seeds that possessed either C lignin or traditional guaiacyl/syringyl (G/S) lignins, but not both. Here, we identified several dicot plants (Euphorbiaceae and Cleomaceae) that produce C lignin together with traditional G/S lignins in their seed coats. Solution-state NMR analyses, along with an in vitro lignin polymerization study, determined that there is, however, no copolymerization detectable (i.e., that the synthesis and polymerization of caffeyl alcohol and conventional monolignols in vivo is spatially and/or temporally separated). In particular, the deposition of G and C lignins in Cleome hassleriana seed coats is developmentally regulated during seed maturation; C lignin appears successively after G lignin within the same testa layers, concurrently with apparent loss of the functionality of O-methyltransferases, which are key enzymes for the conversion of C to G lignin precursors. This study exemplifies the flexible biosynthesis of different types of lignin polymers in plants dictated by substantial, but poorly understood, control of monomer supply by the cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Coexistence but Independent Biosynthesis of Catechyl and Guaiacyl/Syringyl Lignin Polymers in Seed Coats

et al. 2013

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“…Its intrinsic monomer units have been determined as 1040 μmol g -1 from the NBO method (Tables S2 and S3), which is widely used in literature as a standard protocol to analyse lignin monomers connected by C-O bonds (including but not limited to β-O-4 linkage). 23,38,39 The C-C linkage in lignin cannot be cleaved in the NBO method, thus making the comparison straightforward for the present study. It has been reported that the theoretical amount of lignin monomers coincides with the square of the fraction of ether bonds in the lignin structure, and that of birch lignin varies from 45% to 58%.…”

Section: One-pot Conversion Of Lignin Into Monocyclic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Limit of Lignin Monomer Production via Cleavage of Interunit Carbon–Carbon Linkages

Dong

Lin

Han

et al. 2019

Chem

182

141

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Conversion of lignin into monocyclic hydrocarbons as commodity chemicals and drop-in fuels is a highly desirable target for biorefineries. However, this is severely hindered by the presence of stable interunit carbon-carbon linkages in native lignin and those formed during lignin extraction. Herein, we report a new multifunctional catalyst Ru/NbOPO4 that achieves the first example of catalytic cleavage of both interunit C-C and C-O bonds in one-pot lignin conversions, yielding 124-153% of monocyclic hydrocarbons; that is 1.2-1.5 times those yields obtained from the established nitrobenzene oxidation method. This catalyst also exhibits high stability and selectivity (up to 68%) to monocyclic arenes over repeated cycles. The mechanism of the activation and cleavage of 5-5 C-C bonds in biphenyl, as a lignin model adopting the most robust C-C linkages, has been revealed via in situ inelastic neutron scattering, coupled with modelling. This study breaks the conventional theoretical limit on lignin monomer production.

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“…Ground leaf tissues were washed serially with water, 80% ethanol, and acetone, and freeze dried. The washed leaf tissues (~3 mg) were then subjected to analytical thioacidolysis according to the method described by Yamamura et al (2012). The released lignin monomers were derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, using 4,4′-ethylenebisphenol as an internal standard (Yue et al, 2012).…”

Section: Thioacidolysis-based Lignin Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor MYB15 Is a Key Regulator of Lignin Biosynthesis in Effector-Triggered Immunity

et al. 2020

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Lignin, a major component of the secondary cell wall, is important for plant growth and development. Moreover, lignin plays a pivotal role in plant innate immunity. Lignin is readily deposited upon pathogen infection and functions as a physical barrier that limits the spread of pathogens. In this study, we show that an Arabidopsis MYB transcription factor MYB15 is required for the activation of lignin biosynthesis genes such as PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, C3′H, COMT, and CAD, and consequently lignin formation during effector-triggered immune responses. Upon challenge with the avirulent bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000 (AvrRpm1), lignin deposition and disease resistance were reduced in myb15 mutant plants. Furthermore, whereas invading pathogens, together with hypersensitive cell death, were restricted to the infection site in wild-type leaves, they spread beyond the infected area in myb15 mutants. The exogenous supply of the lignin monomer coniferyl alcohol restored lignin production and rescued immune defects in myb15 plants. These results demonstrate that regulation at the transcriptional level is key to pathogen-induced lignification and that MYB15 plays a central role in this process.

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Characterization of Jatropha curcas lignins

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Coexistence but Independent Biosynthesis of Catechyl and Guaiacyl/Syringyl Lignin Polymers in Seed Coats

Coexistence but Independent Biosynthesis of Catechyl and Guaiacyl/Syringyl Lignin Polymers in Seed Coats

Breaking the Limit of Lignin Monomer Production via Cleavage of Interunit Carbon–Carbon Linkages

The Arabidopsis R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor MYB15 Is a Key Regulator of Lignin Biosynthesis in Effector-Triggered Immunity

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