Characterization of Japanese-American men with a single neocortical AD lesion type

Petrovitch, Helen; Ross, G. Webster; He, Qimei; Uyehara-Lock, Jane; Markesbery, William R.; Davis, Daron G.; Nelson, James S.; Launer, Lenore J.; White, Lon R.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.03.026

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We show here a subsample of cases who had MRIs at the UK-ADC with eventual autopsy-confirmed HS-Aging pathology (Fig. 7), underscoring the evolving appreciation that it is the rule, and not the exception, for older persons’ brains to harbor multiple disease processes [79, 87, 101, 123]. Finally, the technology used in both MRI studies, and the pathologic workups to which they are compared, are constantly changing, so an “apples-to-apples” comparison can be a challenge.…”

Section: Neurocognitive Testing and Neuroimaging Findings Linked To Hmentioning

confidence: 82%

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging, a prevalent and high-morbidity brain disease

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging) is a causative factor in a large proportion of elderly dementia cases. The current definition of HS-Aging rests on pathologic criteria: neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampal formation that is out of proportion to AD-type pathology. HS-Aging is also strongly associated with TDP-43 pathology. HS-Aging pathology appears to be most prevalent in the oldest-old: autopsy series indicate that 5–30 % of nonagenarians have HS-Aging pathology. Among prior studies, differences in study design have contributed to the study-to-study variability in reported disease prevalence. The presence of HS-Aging pathology correlates with significant cognitive impairment which is often misdiagnosed as AD clinically. The antemortem diagnosis is further confounded by other diseases linked to hippocampal atrophy including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and cerebrovascular pathologies. Recent advances characterizing the neurocognitive profile of HS-Aging patients have begun to provide clues that may help identify living individuals with HS-Aging pathology. Structural brain imaging studies of research subjects followed to autopsy reveal hippocampal atrophy that is substantially greater in people with eventual HS-Aging pathology, compared to those with AD pathology alone. Data are presented from individuals who were followed with neurocognitive and neuroradiologic measurements, followed by neuropathologic evaluation at the University of Kentucky. Finally, we discuss factors that are hypothesized to cause or modify the disease. We conclude that the published literature on HS-Aging provides strong evidence of an important and under-appreciated brain disease of aging. Unfortunately, there is no therapy or preventive strategy currently available.

show abstract

Section: Neurocognitive Testing and Neuroimaging Findings Linked To Hmentioning

confidence: 82%

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging, a prevalent and high-morbidity brain disease

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a few studies (not reviewed here), excellent autopsy rates have been obtained: Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) (21-34%) [76], Religious Orders Study (ROS) (94%) [47], and Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) (85%) [47]. In Alzheimer Disease Centers memory clinics, the sensitivity and specificity of the NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM III criteria for dementia versus a neuropathologic gold standard was found to be 93% sensitive, but only 55% specific [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age‐related cognitive impairment—Part 2

Seshadri

Beiser

et al. 2011

Alzheimer's & Dementia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article focuses on the effects of operational differences in case ascertainment on estimates of prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment/dementia of the Alzheimer type. Experience and insights are discussed by investigators from the Framingham Heart Study, the East Boston Senior Health Project, the Chicago Health and Aging Project, the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study. There is a general consensus that the single most important factor regulating prevalence estimates of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the severity of cognitive impairment used for case ascertainment. Studies that require a level of cognitive impairment in which persons are unable to provide self-care will have much lower estimates than studies aimed at identifying persons in the earliest stages of AD. There is limited autopsy data from the above-mentioned epidemiologic studies to address accuracy in the diagnosis of etiologic subtype, namely the specification of AD alone or in combination with other types of pathology. However, other community-based cohort studies show that many persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) meet pathologic criteria for AD, and a large minority of persons without dementia or MCI also meets pathologic criteria for AD, thereby suggesting that the number of persons who would benefit from an effective secondary prevention intervention is probably higher than the highest published prevalence estimates. Improved accuracy in the clinical diagnosis of AD is anticipated with the addition of molecular and structural biomarkers in the next generation of epidemiologic studies.

show abstract

“…Although NP and NFT often occur together and are the recognized hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, the relationships between them and the commonality between their neurobiological origins remain uncertain. In large, very old cohorts some brains have been found to contain only plaques or only tangles [40], and Giannakopoulos, et al [41] did not find correlation of NP with NFT in the cerebral cortex. Associations of NP and NFT densities (or amyloid and tau content) with other variables have often diverged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol and LDL Relate to Neuritic Plaques and to APOE4 Presence but Not to Neurofibrillary Tangles

Lesser¹,

Beeri²,

Schmeidler³

et al. 2011

CAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) has been considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but conflicting results have confused understanding of the relationships of serum lipids to the presence of AD in the elderly. Methods To clarify these issues, we evaluated correlations of admission TC, low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL) cholesterol directly with the densities of Alzheimer hallmarks--neuritic plaques (NP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT)--in nursing home residents (n=281). Results Significant positive associations of TC and LDL with NP densities were found in both the neocortex (TC: r=0.151, p=0.013 and LDL: r=0.190, p=0.005) and the hippocampal/entorhinal (allocortical) region (TC: r=0.182, p=0.002 and LDL: r=0.203, p=0.003). Associations of HDL with NP were less strong but also significant. In contrast, after adjustment for confounders, no correlations of NFT with any lipid were significant.When subjects with any non-AD neuropathology (largely vascular) were excluded, the TC-plaque and LDL-plaque associations for the remaining “Pure AD” subgroup were consistently stronger than for the full sample. The TC- and LDL-plaque correlations were also stronger for the subgroup of 87 subjects with an APOE ε4 allele. Conclusions The findings indicate that serum TC and LDL levels clearly relate to densities of NP, but not to densities of NFT. The stronger associations found in the subgroup that excluded all subjects with non-AD neuropathology suggest that cerebrovascular involvement does not explain these lipid-plaque relationships. Since the associations of TC/LDL with NP were particularly stronger in ε4 carriers, varying prevalence of this allele may explain some discrepancies among prior studies.

show abstract

Characterization of Japanese-American men with a single neocortical AD lesion type

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging, a prevalent and high-morbidity brain disease

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging, a prevalent and high-morbidity brain disease

Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age‐related cognitive impairment—Part 2

Cholesterol and LDL Relate to Neuritic Plaques and to APOE4 Presence but Not to Neurofibrillary Tangles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About