Characterization of Injury Incurred by
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            upon Freeze-Drying

Sinskey, T. J.; Silverman, G. J.

doi:10.1128/jb.101.2.429-437.1970

Cited by 73 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The exact mechanism by which sodium salt inhibits cell recovery is not known. Pure lipid (non-dried) bilayers are characterized by an extremely low permeability to the transverse diffusion of ions (Corvera et al 1992), but freeze drying produces an increase in membrane permeability (Sinskey and Silverman 1970). It is possible that with the increase in the time of drying, sodium chloride entered more easily through the cell membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cytoplasmic membrane is generally considered to be the main site of dehydration damage (Lievense et al 1994). The increase in membrane permeability is just one of the expressions of damage upon freeze drying (Sinskey and Silverman 1970). According to Crowe et al (1989), the increase in permeability is due to a transition between the gel and liquid crystal states of the membrane that occurs during reh!-dration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When bacterial cultures are lyophilized, however, the process of freezing and drying can cause cell injury. There are indications that the cell wall, cell membrane and ribonucleic acid are involved (Wagman 1960;Sinskey and Silverman 1970). Lievense et al (1994) considered the cytoplasmic membrane to be the principal site of lethal damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of membrane damage in Lactobacillus bulgaricus following freeze drying

Castro¹,

Teixeira²,

Kirby³

1997

J Appl Microbiol

134

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H.P. CASTRO, P.M. TEIXEIRA AND R. KIRBY. 1997. T h e mechanism of inactivation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus due to freeze drying was investigated. Cells were freeze-dried i n skim milk powder, maltodextrin, glycerol, trehalose and water. Results are presented confirming previous authors' observations regarding membrane damage during freeze drying.I n an attempt to define more clearly the nature of this damage, further experiments were carried out. Results show that following freeze drying changes occur in the unsaturated : saturated fatty acid ratio, a decrease in the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme ATPase and a loss of ApH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of membrane damage in Lactobacillus bulgaricus following freeze drying

Castro¹,

Teixeira²,

Kirby³

1997

J Appl Microbiol

134

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“…He considered leakage was due to increased permeability following membrane damage. Sinskey & Silverman (1970) demonstrated an increase in permeability of the membrane following lyophilization and rehydration by observing the lysis of freeze-dried cells with sodium deoxycholate. Further evidence shows increased susceptibility to actinomycin D, chloramphenicol and streptomycin following lyophilization (Davis & Feingold 1962).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our laboratory cultures are stored as lyophilized ampoules or in liquid nitrogen and many of these strains contain plasmid DNA. There is little information about the stability of plasmids to lyophilization and freezing although there are numerous reports of metabolic and structural damage to cells (Straka & Stokes 1959;Wagman 1960;Morichi 1969;Sinskey & Silverman 1970). There is evidence that the bacterial chromosome is attached to the cell membrane (Helinski 1973) and that the site of attachment plays a role in the coordination of DNA replication.…”

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confidence: 99%

Storage of Escherichia coli Strains Containing Plasmid DNA in Liquid Nitrogen

Breese

Sharp

1980

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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The stability of plasmids and lysogenic bacteriophage in 16 strains of Escherichia coli was studied following storage in liquid nitrogen for periods up to 2 years. A comparison was made with cultures which had undergone lyophilization. Plasmid loss was detected by plating on selective media containing antibiotics to which resistance was conferred by plasmid DNA. Loss of plasmid DNA was not evident following storage in liquid nitrogen or lyophilization.

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A new, short term, sensitive, bacterial assay kit for the detection of toxicants

Reinhartz¹,

Lampert²,

Herzberg³

et al. 1987

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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We present and evaluate a new bacterial test suitable for the detection of toxicants in water, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, foodstuff, food additives and cosmetics. It is a simple, rapid (1-1.5 hours), colorimetric assay which does not require special equipment, and can easily be carried out under field conditions. The assay is based on the ability of toxicants to inhibit the de mu0 synthesis of an inducible enzyme, e.g., P-galactosidase, by a rough mutant of E. coli, which is highly sensitive to a wide spectrum of toxic substances, such as pesticides, mycotoxins and heavy metals. The test is performed under stress conditions for the bacterium, since under such conditions better sensitivity for low concentrations of analytes is obtained. In the assay, serial dilutions of the sample are mixed with the stressed bacteria and a cocktail containing the specific inducer for thechromogenic enzyme and essential factors, required for the recovery of the bacteria from their stressed condition. The ability of cells to synthesize p-galactosidase under these conditions depends on their ability to recover from the stress. Toxic materials interfere and/or inhibit the recovery process and with it the synthesis of p-galadosidase. The amount of the de mu0 synthesized enzyme is determined by a colorimetric reaction.We have developed a commercial kit baaed on the assay. The kit is field oriented and easy to operate. The kit contains the bacteria in a lyophilized form and all the reagents have been stabilized 80 that the kit may be stored under normal refrigeration for a long period of time.With the increased industrialization of society, numerous chemicals are being introduced and used, and many of them pose the problem of their release into the environment so as to affect public health. Conventional toxicity bioassays using animals, and especially mammals, are time consuming and expensive. Many shortterm bioassays have therefore been developed to meet the demand for rapid screening of toxic substances. These tests can be divided

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Characterization of Injury Incurred by Escherichia coli upon Freeze-Drying

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Evidence of membrane damage in Lactobacillus bulgaricus following freeze drying

Evidence of membrane damage in Lactobacillus bulgaricus following freeze drying

Storage of Escherichia coli Strains Containing Plasmid DNA in Liquid Nitrogen

A new, short term, sensitive, bacterial assay kit for the detection of toxicants

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