Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the USA for both men and women (1). Also worldwide, LC is the commonest cause of cancer death (2). Of all LC cases, smoking is implicated in more than 90% and prognosis is poor, with mortality close to 85% (3).However, the earlier the stage at which LC is detected, the better the prognosis. In November 2011, the first large multicenter randomized control trial-the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) in the USA-released their results that showed that screening with chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) could reduce LC mortality by 20% (4,5). In the meantime, the NELSON trial in The Netherlands and Belgium also released its results (6). They found that screening with chest LDCT can reduce cause-Review Article on Lung Cancer Screening