Characterization of<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>populations in Canada during 2012

Alkher, H.; Islam, Md. Rashidul; Wijekoon, Champa; Kalischuk, Melanie; Kawchuk, L. M.; Peters, R. D.; Al-Mughrabi, Khalil I.; Conn, K. L.; Dobinson, Katherine F.; Waterer, D.; Daayf, Fouad

doi:10.1080/07060661.2015.1053987

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The increasing production of potatoes is still facing significant losses because of the infection of fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, insects, and viruses(80, 81). Among these pathogens, the P. infestans oomycete is the culprit of potato late blight, which is the disease that is the most serious and has the largest economic loss(1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect ofBacillus subtilisWL-2 and its IturinA lipopeptides againstPhytophthora infestans

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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15Potato late blight triggered by Phytophthora infestans ((Mont.) de Bary) represents a 16 great food security threat worldwide and is difficult to control. Currently, Bacillus spp. 17 have been considered biocontrol agents to control many fungal diseases. Here, 18 Bacillus subtilis WL-2 was selected as the antifungal strain with the most potential 19 against P. infestans mycelium growth. Additionally, the functional metabolites 20 extracted from WL-2 were identified as IturinA-family cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) via 21 2 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass 22 spectrometry (ESI-MS). Analyses using scanning and transmission electron 23 microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed that IturinA caused a change in the mycelial 24 surface and damage to the internal cell structure, including cell membrane disruption 25 and irregular organelle formation. Moreover, propidium iodide staining and nucleic 26 acid and protein release were detected to clarify the cell membrane damage caused by 27 IturinA. Additionally, IturinA triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and 28 malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), 29 mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity (MRCCA), respiratory control rate 30 (RCR), and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency (P/O) assays indicated that P. 31 infestans mitochondria affected by IturinA were so seriously damaged that the MMP 32 and MRCCA declined remarkably and that mitochondrial ATP production ability was 33 weakened. Therefore, IturinA induces cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and 34 dysfunction of mitochondria, resulting in P. infestans hyphal cell death. As such, the 35 results highlight that B. subtilis WL-2 and IturinA have great potential as candidates for 36 inhibiting P. infestans mycelium growth and controlling potato late blight. 37 IMPORTANCE 38Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most common global food crop, and 39 its planting area and yield increase yearly. Notably, in 2015, China initiated a potato 40 staple food conversion strategy, and by 2020, approximately 50% of potatoes will 41 be consumed as a staple food. The plant pathogen fungus Phytophthora infestans 42 ((Mont.) de Bary) is the culprit of potato late blight; however, biological agents 43 3 rather than chemicals are highly necessary to control this threatening disease. In 44 this study, we discovered an antifungal substance, IturinA, a lipopeptide produced 45 by Bacillus subtilis WL-2. Moreover, our research revealed the actual mechanism 46 of IturinA against P. infestans mycelium growth and clarified the potential of B. 65Behind rice, wheat, and corn, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most 66 stable food crop in the world. However, potato production is often endangered by 67 many pathogens. Worryingly, late blight triggered by Phytophthora infestans ((Mont.) 68 de Bary) could directly reduce or even eliminate potato production, and an outbreak 69 of this disease could even result in a grievous ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect ofBacillus subtilisWL-2 and its IturinA lipopeptides againstPhytophthora infestans

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Thousands of documents are published each year on P. infestans (Fry et al, 2015). Despite all this research, the late blight pathogen continues to cause major losses on potato and tomato in worldwide (Alkher et al, 2015). The chemical protection is the mostly used and effective but is expensive and polluting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana K. seeds on the control of late blight and pest insects of Solanum tuberosum L. in Cameroon

Lontsi¹,

Ambang²,

Djieto³

et al. 2019

Greener J Agr Sci

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In the perspective of effective control of diseases and pests of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), a study carried out in the Highland West Region of Cameroon permitted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana seeds (AETPS) on the development of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans and the population of insect pests. Two potato varieties (local (V1) and one improved variety "Cipira" (V2) were used. Five treatments: AETPS (T1), Bravo 720 fungicide (T3), Decis 5 EC insecticide (T4), mixture of the three substances (T2) and the control (T0) were tested using a double factorial system with completely randomized blocks. The evolution of the disease, insect population and tuber yield were evaluated and compared according to different treatments. The results show that a main disease identified in field and laboratory was mildew. 88 pests were collected and 9 pest families were identified. The Coccinelidae family was most represented (23, 86%). The incidence and severity of late blight in the field were respectively reduced to 22.77 and 76.05 % by the AETPS at 50 g/l, as the synthetic fungicide (T3). The number of insects decreased after treatment but remained relatively stable in control. The insecticidal power was maximum 1 h after application of the decis contrary to the AETPS of with maximum was between 24 and 48 h. The commercial yields obtained in the AETPS treatment were greater than 7.5 t/ha compared to 0 t/ha obtained in the controls (T0). Extracts of T. peruviana can therefore be used as anti-parasite substances in crop protection.

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“…Various chemical treatments have been developed to control plant diseases caused by oomycetes 5 . However, the emergence of strains resistant to anti-oomycete agents is problematic 6 . Consequently, new chemicals with different modes of action must be developed to control oomycete diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical genetic approach using β-rubromycin reveals that a RIO kinase-like protein is involved in morphological development in Phytophthora infestans

Tani

Nishio

Kai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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To characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying life-stage transitions in Phytophthora infestans, we initiated a chemical genetics approach by screening for a stage-specific inhibitor of morphological development from microbial culture extracts prepared mostly from actinomycetes from soil in Japan. Of the more than 700 extracts, one consistently inhibited Ph. infestans cyst germination. Purification and identification of the active compound by ESI–MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR identified β-rubromycin as the inhibitor of cyst germination (IC50 = 19.8 μg/L); β-rubromycin did not inhibit growth on rye media, sporangium formation, zoospore release, cyst formation, or appressorium formation in Ph. infestans. Further analyses revealed that β-rubromycin inhibited the germination of cysts and oospores in Pythium aphanidermatum. A chemical genetic approach revealed that β-rubromycin stimulated the expression of RIO kinase-like gene (PITG_04584) by 60-fold in Ph. infestans. Genetic analyses revealed that PITG_04584, which lacks close non-oomycete relatives, was involved in zoosporogenesis, cyst germination, and appressorium formation in Ph. infestans. These data imply that further functional analyses of PITG_04584 may contribute to new methods to suppress diseases caused by oomycetes.

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Characterization ofPhytophthora infestanspopulations in Canada during 2012

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Inhibitory effect ofBacillus subtilisWL-2 and its IturinA lipopeptides againstPhytophthora infestans

Inhibitory effect ofBacillus subtilisWL-2 and its IturinA lipopeptides againstPhytophthora infestans

Effect of aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana K. seeds on the control of late blight and pest insects of Solanum tuberosum L. in Cameroon

Chemical genetic approach using β-rubromycin reveals that a RIO kinase-like protein is involved in morphological development in Phytophthora infestans

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