Characterization of<i>MdMADS2</i>, a Member of the<i>SQUAMOSA</i>Subfamily of Genes, in Apple1

Sung, Soon-Kee; Yu, Gyung-Hee; An, Gynheung

doi:10.1104/pp.120.4.969

Cited by 97 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Their expression coincides with the time of flowering induction and inflorescence development during the first season and flower initiation and development during the second season (Srinivasan and Mullins, 1981;Gerrath and Posluszny, 1988b;Gerrath, 1993;May, 2000;Carmona et al, 2002). Such a bimodal pattern of expression has also been observed in other temperate woody perennials like kiwifruit (Walton et al, 2001) and apple trees (Sung et al, 1999;Kotoda et al, 2000). In contrast to the expression of VFL, VFUL-L and VAP1 transcripts were not detected in the SAM or in leaf primordia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…AP1 and SQUA are specifically expressed in floral meristems (Huijser et al, 1992;Mandel et al, 1992), whereas FUL and DEFH2 are expressed in the SAM after flowering transition (Gu et al,1998;Mü ller et al, 2001). Coexpression of both genes in reproductive meristems has also been described in Silene latifolia and Malus domestica (Hardenack et al, 1994;Sung et al, 1999). Since AP1-and FUL-like genes were originated by duplication from a common ancestral AP1/FUL gene (Becker and Theissen, 2003;Litt and Irish, 2003), their similar expression patterns might reflect an ancestral condition related to their common phylogenetic origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral Meristem Identity Genes Are Expressed during Tendril Development in Grapevine

et al. 2004

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To study the early steps of flower initiation and development in grapevine (Vitis vinifera), we have isolated two MADS-box genes, VFUL-L and VAP1, the putative FUL-like and AP1 grapevine orthologs, and analyzed their expression patterns during vegetative and reproductive development. Both genes are expressed in lateral meristems that, in grapevine, can give rise to either inflorescences or tendrils. They are also coexpressed in inflorescence and flower meristems. During flower development, VFUL-L transcripts are restricted to the central part of young flower meristems and, later, to the prospective carpel-forming region, which is consistent with a role of this gene in floral transition and carpel and fruit development. Expression pattern of VAP1 suggests that it may play a role in flowering transition and flower development. However, its lack of expression in sepal primordia, does not support its role as an A-function gene in grapevine. Neither VFUL-L nor VAP1 expression was detected in vegetative organs such as leaves or roots. In contrast, they are expressed throughout tendril development. Transcription of both genes in tendrils of very young plants that have not undergone flowering transition indicates that this expression is independent of the flowering process. These unique expression patterns of genes typically involved in reproductive development have implications on our understanding of flower induction and initiation in grapevine, on the origin of grapevine tendrils and on the functional roles of AP1-and FUL-like genes in plant development. These results also provide molecular support to the hypothesis that Vitis tendrils are modified reproductive organs adapted to climb.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Meristem Identity Genes Are Expressed during Tendril Development in Grapevine

et al. 2004

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“…Several flowering-related genes, including LFY, TFL1, and AP1 homologs, have been isolated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), citrus (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson), and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) (Boss et al, 2001(Boss et al, , 2006Calonje et al, 2004;Carmona et al, 2002;Jeong et al, 1999;Joly et al, 2004;Kotoda et al, 2000Kotoda et al, , 2002Kotoda and Wada, 2005;Pillitteri et al, 2004;Sung et al, 1999Sung et al, , 2000Wada et al, 2002;Walton et al, 2001). We previously isolated and compared LFY and TFL1 homologs from six maloid fruit trees, including Japanese pear and quince, to elucidate the molecular basis of the differences in inflorescence architecture (Esumi et al, 2005); however, the derived amino acid sequences differed only slightly in their primary structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Floral Development and Transcription Levels of LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homologs in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Esumi

Tao

Yonemori

2007

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization, we investigated the temporal and spatial expression of LEAFY (LFY) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) homologs in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) buds, in order to elucidate their roles in the flower and inflorescence development of fruit trees in the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). Japanese pear and quince were selected because they are very close phylogenetically but develop distinct inflorescence architectures. Floral differentiation in Japanese pear began in late June to early July in Osaka, Japan, forming a raceme inflorescence with about eight flowers, whereas that in quince took place from late October to November in Nagano, Japan, forming a solitary flower in each floral bud. LFY homolog expression levels in both species increased at the floral differentiation stage and remained at relatively high levels in flower meristems after the flower organ differentiation stage. In contrast, TFL1 homolog expression levels in both species were high in vegetative-stage buds, but decreased significantly just before floral differentiation. Japanese pear TFL1 homologs were expressed in the subepidermal layer of the apical meristem before floral differentiation, whereas those of quince were expressed in the epidermal layer of the apical meristem and leaf primordia. We discuss the possible involvement of maloid LFY and TFL1 homologs in triggering floral differentiation, as well as the involvement of the different spatial expression patterns of TFL1 homologs in the inflorescence architectures of Japanese pear and quince.

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“…Recently, investigations of genes related to floral bud, floral organ, and fruit formation have been conducted in the apple. The meristem identity genes AFL1, AFL2, MdTFL1, and MdAP1 (MdMADS5) have been isolated and their expression has been investigated in relation to early flowering (Kotoda and Wada, 2005;Kotoda et al, 2000Kotoda et al, , 2002Kotoda et al, , 2006Sung et al, 1999;Wada et al, 2002). In addition, the floral organ identity genes MdMADS1 to MdMADS15, MdPI, and MdTM6 have been isolated (Kitahara et al, 2004;Sung and An, 1997Van der Linden et al, 2002;Yao et al, 1999Yao et al, , 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis of MdPI, the PISTILLATA Gene Homologue of Apple, in Arabidopsis

Tanaka¹,

Wada²,

Komori³

et al. 2007

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Some cultivars of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) show parthenocarpy. In these cultivars, the MdPISTILLATA (MdPI) gene, which is homologue of the PISTILLATA (PI) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, does not function by the insertion of a retrotransposon into MdPI. MdPI is a class B floral organ identity gene belonging to the MADSbox gene family. When MdPI was overexpressed in Arabidopsis Columbia ecotype under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, the sepals showed petaloid changes. In the case of the pi-1 mutant of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta, apple MdPI overexpression led the pi-1 mutant to recover normal petals and carpeloid stamens. In detailed observations with a scanning electron microscope, we observed that the filaments were also normally recovered. However, the anthers were not. We isolated the MdPI promoter from the apple cultivar 'Jonathan', and the uidA gene which encodes β-glucuronidase (GUS) was fused as a reporter gene. The MdPI promoter fused with GUS was designated p1MDPI.1G. Just petals and stamens of Arabidopsis plants transformed with p1MDPI.1G had GUS activity. These results indicated that the MdPI gene was related to the development of petals and stamens, and formed petals and filaments. Therefore, the MdPI gene had a function equal to PI, although the relation between MdPI and parthenocarpy in the apple is unknown.

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Characterization ofMdMADS2, a Member of theSQUAMOSASubfamily of Genes, in Apple1

Cited by 97 publications

References 74 publications

Floral Meristem Identity Genes Are Expressed during Tendril Development in Grapevine

Floral Meristem Identity Genes Are Expressed during Tendril Development in Grapevine

Relationship between Floral Development and Transcription Levels of LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homologs in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Functional Analysis of MdPI, the PISTILLATA Gene Homologue of Apple, in Arabidopsis

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