Characterization of <i>GmENOD40</i>, a gene showing novel patterns of cell‐specific expression during soybean nodule development

Yang, Wei‐Cai; Katinakis, Panagiotis; Hendriks, Philipp; Smolders, Arne; Vries, Femke de; Spee, J.; Kammen, A. van; Bisseling, Ton; Franssen, Henk

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.03040573.x

Cited by 237 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to GmENOD93, Dg93 transcripts accumulate to higher levels in the young infected cells, in cells of the vascular cylinder, and in cytoplasmcontaining periderm cells. This pattern of expression more closely resembles that of ENOD2 in Sesbania rostrata nodules (Goormachtig et al, 1998b), and of ENOD40 in soybean nodules (Yang et al, 1993).…”

Section: Dg93 Has Several Characteristics In Common Withsupporting

confidence: 70%

Dg93, a Nodule-Abundant mRNA of Datisca glomerata with Homology to a Soybean Early Nodulin Gene

et al. 2000

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We have isolated a 590-bp full-length cDNA clone designated Dg93, an mRNA that is highly expressed in symbiotic root nodules of the actinorhizal host Datisca glomerata. Dg93 mRNA encodes a deduced polypeptide of 105 amino acids with significant identity (74%) to the soybean (Glycine max) early nodulin (ENOD) gene GmENOD93 (Kouchi and Hata, 1993). Dg93 mRNA is abundant in nodules at 4 weeks post inoculation, the earliest time assayed, and steady-state mRNA levels remain elevated 11 weeks after inoculation. Spatial patterns of Dg93 mRNA expression are complex, with transcript accumulation in the nodule lobe meristem, early infection zone, periderm, and cells of the vascular cylinder, but not in the surrounding uninfected cortical cells. Dg93 is encoded by a small gene family in D. glomerata. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a gene from an actinorhizal host that is expressed in the nodule meristem and that shares sequence homology with an early nodulin gene from a legume.

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Section: Dg93 Has Several Characteristics In Common Withsupporting

confidence: 70%

Dg93, a Nodule-Abundant mRNA of Datisca glomerata with Homology to a Soybean Early Nodulin Gene

et al. 2000

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“…In plants, extracellular peptides, such as systemin, CLAVATA3, and ENOD40, may act as intercellular signals, regulating some important processes, e.g. wound defense reaction, maintenance of shoot apical meristem, and nodule formation (Pearce et al, 1993;Yang et al, 1993;van de Sande et al, 1996;Trotochaud et al, 2000). ExtCaM has been found in many plant species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extracellular Calmodulin-Induced Stomatal Closure Is Mediated by Heterotrimeric G Protein and H2O2

et al. 2004

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Extracellular calmodulin (ExtCaM) exerts multiple functions in animals and plants, but the mode of ExtCaM action is not well understood. In this paper, we provide evidence that ExtCaM stimulates a cascade of intracellular signaling events to regulate stomatal movement. Analysis of the changes of cytosolic free Ca 21 ([Ca 21 (McAinsh et al., 1995;Grabov and Blatt, 1998). Accumulating evidence indicates that many stimuli enhance [Ca 21 ] cyt increase in guard cells (Rudd and Franklin-Tong, 2001); however, the upstream components of calcium signaling are not well understood.Heterotrimeric G proteins composed of a-, b-, and g-subunits are a key intracellular signaling molecule in eukaryotic cells. The activation by G-protein-coupled receptor results in conformation change of the Ga protein due to GTP binding and the separation of Ga from the Gbg dimer. GTP hydrolysis by GTPase activity of Ga results in the reassociation of Ga with Gbg (Jones and Assmann, 2004). In plants, G protein has been found to be involved in ion-channel regulation (Aharon et al., 1998;Wang et al., 2001), control of seed germination (Ullah et al., 2002), pollen tube elongation (Ma et al., 1999), and responses to ABA . Genome sequencing revealed the existence of only one prototypical Ga (GPA1) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; Ma et al., 1990). It was reported that Ga-subunit-null mutants, gpa1-1 and gpa1-2, were insensitive to ABA inhibition of whole-cell inward K 1 currents and pH-independent ABA-activation of anion channels , suggesting Ga is a key component in ABA signaling. It is unknown whether Ga-subunit participates in calcium signaling in ABA regulation of guard cell responses.Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been shown to be an important second messenger in signaling to developmental processes, such as polar growth of Fucus rhizoid cells (Coelho et al., 2002) and cell elongation in root growth (Demidchik et al., 2003), responses to environmental stresses (BaxterBurrell et al., 2002), and guard cell movement (Pei et al., 2000). Evidence indicates that homeostasis of ROS depends on the activity of several enzymes involved in ROS generation as well as the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes (for review, see Mittler, 2002). Recently, guard cell-specific NADPH oxidases AtrbohD (Arabidopsis respiratory burst oxidase homologs D) and AtrbohF have been identified, and the double mutants of atrbohD/F are impaired in ABA-induced ROS generation, [Ca 21 ] cyt increases, and stomatal closing (Kwak et al., 2003), suggesting that AtrbohD and AtrbohF NADPH oxidases and ROS play an important 1 This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Program of China (grant no. G1999011704) and by the National Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30370129).2 These authors contributed equally to the paper. * Corresponding author; e-mail xcwang@cau.edu.cn; fax 86-10-62733450.Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi

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“…In general, enod40 transcripts were found in cells that transport carbohydrates to strong sinks or become those sinks, such as the nodule and lateral root primordium or the peripheral cells of vascular bundles (9,10,24,25). Indeed, in developing rice leaves, enod40 expression changed during the source͞sink transition (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicago truncatula plants overexpressing the early nodulin gene enod40 exhibit accelerated mycorrhizal colonization and enhanced formation of arbuscules

Staehelin

Charon

Boller

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The mutualistic symbiosis between flowering plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is extremely abundant in terrestrial ecosystems. In this symbiosis, obligately biotrophic fungi colonize the root of the host plants, which can benefit from these fungi by enhanced access to mineral nutrients in the soil, especially phosphorus. One of the main goals of research on this symbiosis is to find plant genes that control fungal development in the host plant. In this work, we show that mycorrhizal colonization is regulated by enod40, an early nodulin gene known to be involved in the nodule symbiosis of legumes with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Medicago truncatula plants overexpressing enod40 exhibited stimulated mycorrhizal colonization in comparison with control plants. Overexpression of enod40 promoted fungal growth in the root cortex and increased the frequency of arbuscule formation. Transgenic lines with suppressed levels of enod40 transcripts, likely via a cosuppression phenomenon induced by the transgene, exhibited reduced mycorrhizal colonization. Hence, enod40 might be a plant regulatory gene involved in the control of the mycorrhizal symbiosis.

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Characterization of GmENOD40, a gene showing novel patterns of cell‐specific expression during soybean nodule development

Cited by 237 publications

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Dg93, a Nodule-Abundant mRNA of Datisca glomerata with Homology to a Soybean Early Nodulin Gene

Dg93, a Nodule-Abundant mRNA of Datisca glomerata with Homology to a Soybean Early Nodulin Gene

Extracellular Calmodulin-Induced Stomatal Closure Is Mediated by Heterotrimeric G Protein and H2O2

Medicago truncatula plants overexpressing the early nodulin gene enod40 exhibit accelerated mycorrhizal colonization and enhanced formation of arbuscules

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