Characterization of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> and <i>A. sobria</i> isolated from cultured salmonid fish in Korea and development of a vaccine against furunculosis

Lim, Jongwon; Hong, Suhee

doi:10.1111/jfd.13158

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The detection of A. sobria (4%) though in low quantity, should be given substantial attention because of its involvement in serious mortalities of tilapia, perch ( Perca fluviatilis ) and other freshwater fish species (Austin & Austin, 2016; Li & Cai, 2011; Wahli, Burr, Pugovkin, Mueller, & Frey, 2005). Similarly, the low quantity of A. salmonicida detected in the different samples examined in the current study should be likewise given importance due to the fact that A. salmonicida is a known aetiologic agent of furunculosis in salmonids including rainbow trout ( O. mykiss ) and coho salmon ( O. kisutch ) and causes ulcer disease in cyprinids and marine flatfish (Austin & Austin, 2016; Lim & Hong, 2020). Interestingly, A. salmonicida strains isolated from wild fish, including red spot emperor ( Lethrinus lentjan ), king soldier bream ( Argyrops spinifer ), white‐spotted rabbit fish ( Siganus canaliculatus ) and one farmed tilapia ( O. niloticus ) in Oman did not show any evidence of pathogenicity when tested in laboratory‐based experiments using rainbow trout and Nile tilapia as experimental animals despite the fact that cytotoxic enterotoxin ast gene was found widely distributed among the isolates examined (Alghabshi, Austin, & Crumlish, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Aeromonasload and species composition in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines

2020

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Aeromonas load and species composition in the rearing water, sediment, gills and intestines of healthy tilapia Oreochromis niloticus collected every 2 weeks from Days 30 to 120 after stocking in six earthen ponds in the Philippines were determined. Presumptive Aeromonas counts (PACs) in the water and sediment ranged from 10 1-10 3 c.f.u./ml and 10 1-10 3 c.f.u./g while in the gills and intestines, PACs ranged from 10 4-10 7 c.f.u./g and 10 2-10 5 c.f.u./g, respectively. Presumptive Aeromonas counts in the water, sediment, and gills of tilapia varied among days of culture while in the intestines of tilapia, PACs markedly dropped by approximately 2 logs at Day 75 and either remained in the same level or decreased by another 1 log at Day 120 of growout culture. Aeromonas hydrophila predominantly constituted 94% of all presumptive Aeromonas spp. examined (n = 343), followed by A. sobria (4%) and A. salmonicida (2%). Taken together, current data provide some putative threshold levels of tilapia reared in earthen ponds to Aeromonas spp. The dominance of A. hydrophila together with negligible population of A. salmonicida and A. sobria indicate that Aeromonas are common commensal bacteria in tilapia and their environment which under conditions of stress could instigate disease epizootics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Aeromonasload and species composition in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines

2020

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“…Their continued monitoring will be important for the conservation of native salmon species. In particular, O. mykiss are among the farmed species near the river [ 97 ], and eDNA analysis of this species would be especially important to monitor any accidental introduction of farmed stock into the natural environment [ 98 , 99 ]. Long-term and standardized surveys for Pacific salmon species provide more sensitive and accurate information with respect to the spatiotemporal distribution, qualitative changes, or detection of introduced or alien species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Quantitative PCR Assay for Four Salmon Species Inhabiting the Yangyangnamdae River Using Environmental DNA

Fu'adil

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

Biology

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A species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using environmental DNA (eDNA) is a promising tool for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of target species directly from water samples. Despite its reliability, an eDNA-based qPCR assay pipeline has not yet developed to monitor salmon species inhabiting Korean waters, which have been rapidly decreasing. We designed species-specific primers for four Oncorhynchus species inhabiting the eastern coastal waters along the Korean Peninsula. These include primers for two native species (Oncorhynchus keta and O. masou) and two that were introduced (O. mykiss and O. kisutch). The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the four qPCR assays ranged from 4.11 to 10.38 copies and from 30 to 81 copies, respectively, indicating a high sensitivity and specificity across all four species. Following optimization, the qPCR assays were used for the quantitative analyses of the four Oncorhynchus species in the Yangyangnamdae River during the spawning and non-spawning seasons in the year 2019–2020, one of the main rivers where salmon migrate during the spawning season in Korea. The raw copy numbers in all of the examined samples were normalized by PCR inhibition rates to standardize and compare with other studies. Among the four Oncorhynchus species examined, the eDNA concentration of O. keta increased significantly (63.60-fold, p < 0.0001) during the spawning season (November) compared with that in the non-spawning season (March), suggesting that O. keta is the main salmon species migrating through the Yangyangnamdae River. In contrast, we did not detect any differences in eDNA concentration for the other three Oncorhynchus species between the spawning and non-spawning seasons, indicating that their presence does not alter during the year. Their eDNA concentration is also relatively low compared to O. keta, which suggests that small numbers of these three species are present in the river. Overall, these newly developed qPCR assays represent useful monitoring tools for the management of four salmon species in Korean waters.

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“…Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were purchased from a farm in Pyeong-Chang, Korea, and acclimated in pathogen-free conditions for a week before vaccination. Fish (average weight 33 ± 1.3 g) were kept in a continuously aerated 100-L square tank with running tap water after chlorine neutralization by addition of 2 ppm of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Daejung) and maintained at 12 ± 1 • C [23]. Fish were treated according to GWNU's Animal Care and Use Guidelines for Animal Welfare to minimize pain during the experiment.…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly pathogenic A. salmonicida RTDH [23] and V. anguillarum RTBHR isolated from diseased rainbow trout from farms were used for vaccine production. In shaking incubators at 180 rpm, a single colony of A. salmonicida RTDH or V. anguillarum RTBHR isolates was incubated in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 20 • C for 48 h or TSB supplemented with 2% sodium chloride at 25 • C for 24 h, respectively.…”

Section: Vaccine Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis in the Head Kidney of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Immunized with a Combined Vaccine of Formalin-Inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum

Lim

2021

Vaccines

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This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms regulated by a combined vaccine against Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum (O1 serotype). These bacteria cause furunculosis and vibriosis, respectively, and are associated with a high mortality in rainbow trout in Korea. The vaccine upregulated gene expression of TCRα, T-bet, sIgM, and mIgM, markers of an activated adaptive immune response. On days 1, 3, and 5, transcriptome analysis revealed 862 (430 up- and 432 downregulated), 492 (204 up- and 288 downregulated), and 741 (270 up- and 471 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified 377 (108 MF, 132 CC, 137 BP), 302 (60 MF, 180 CC, 62 BP), and 314 (115 MF, 129 CC, 70 BP) GOs at days 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genetic and Genomic enrichment analysis identified eight immune system-related pathways like cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-kappaB signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, cell adhesion molecule, complement and coagulation cascade, and antigen processing and presentation. In the analysis of the protein–protein interaction of immune-related DEGs, a total of 59, 21, and 21 interactional relationships were identified at days 1, 3, and 5, respectively, with TNF having the highest centrality at all three time points.

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Characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida and A. sobria isolated from cultured salmonid fish in Korea and development of a vaccine against furunculosis

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Aeromonasload and species composition in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines

Aeromonasload and species composition in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines

Development of a Quantitative PCR Assay for Four Salmon Species Inhabiting the Yangyangnamdae River Using Environmental DNA

Transcriptome Analysis in the Head Kidney of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Immunized with a Combined Vaccine of Formalin-Inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum

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