Characterization of human gait by means of body center of mass oscillations derived from ground reaction forces

Crowe, A.; Schiereck, P.; Boer, Ruud W. de; Keessen, W

doi:10.1109/10.364516

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several studies agree that changes in walking speed are associated with increases in the intensity of muscle activation [70,[81][82][83][84][85]. The results of this study show that speed differences obtained between subjects were not related to MG EMGa and GRF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle during double support

Sousa

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2012

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle during double support

Sousa

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2012

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…However, it leads the head to bend in one direction–and, as a consequence, also the trunk, slightly–to fit its inclination. Moreover, arm swing is altered [31], as one arm natural swing is restricted by keeping the phone close to the ear; overall, the center of mass moves to the side where the phone is held, thus leading to a higher gait asymmetry, causing a lower harmonic ratio along the mediolateral direction [32–34], as the consequence of the increased presence of odd harmonics relative to the even ones [35]. This may be why step regularity and symmetry along the ML direction appeared different when talking as compared to baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait parameters are differently affected by concurrent smartphone-based activities with scaled levels of cognitive effort

et al. 2017

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The widespread and pervasive use of smartphones for sending messages, calling, and entertainment purposes, mainly among young adults, is often accompanied by the concurrent execution of other tasks. Recent studies have analyzed how texting, reading or calling while walking–in some specific conditions–might significantly influence gait parameters. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of different smartphone activities on walking, evaluating the variations of several gait parameters. 10 young healthy students (all smartphone proficient users) were instructed to text chat (with two different levels of cognitive load), call, surf on a social network or play with a math game while walking in a real-life outdoor setting. Each of these activities is characterized by a different cognitive load. Using an inertial measurement unit on the lower trunk, spatio-temporal gait parameters, together with regularity, symmetry and smoothness parameters, were extracted and grouped for comparison among normal walking and different dual task demands. An overall significant effect of task type on the aforementioned parameters group was observed. The alterations in gait parameters vary as a function of cognitive effort. In particular, stride frequency, step length and gait speed show a decrement, while step time increases as a function of cognitive effort. Smoothness, regularity and symmetry parameters are significantly altered for specific dual task conditions, mainly along the mediolateral direction. These results may lead to a better understanding of the possible risks related to walking and concurrent smartphone use.

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“…Using this second pose, the CM model error was still small (~3·mm). At a self-selected gait speed, the body's CM oscillates with a peak-topeak amplitude of between 4 and 5·cm in the medio-lateral (x) direction (Crowe et al, 1995). Thus, the estimated CM model error was less than 10% of these oscillations.…”

Section: Error Estimatementioning

confidence: 98%

Angular momentum in human walking

Herr

Popović

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

405

361

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SUMMARYAngular momentum is a conserved physical quantity for isolated systems where no external moments act about a bodyʼs center of mass (CM). However, in the case of legged locomotion, where the body interacts with the environment (ground reaction forces), there is no a priori reason for this relationship to hold. A key hypothesis in this paper is that angular momentum is highly regulated throughout the walking cycle about all three spatial directions [͉L(t)͉≈0], and therefore horizontal ground reaction forces and the center of pressure trajectory can be explained predominantly through an analysis that assumes zero net moment about the bodyʼs CM. Using a 16-segment human model and gait data for 10 study participants, we found that calculated zero-moment forces closely match experimental values (R 2 x =0.91; R 2 y =0.90). Additionally, the centroidal moment pivot (point where a line parallel to the ground reaction force, passing through the CM, intersects the ground) never leaves the ground support base, highlighting how closely the body regulates angular momentum. Principal component analysis was used to examine segmental contributions to whole-body angular momentum. We found that whole-body angular momentum is small, despite substantial segmental momenta, indicating large segment-to-segment cancellations (~95% medio-lateral, ~70% anterior-posterior and ~80% vertical). Specifically, we show that adjacent leg-segment momenta are balanced in the medio-lateral direction (left foot momentum cancels right foot momentum, etc.). Further, pelvis and abdomen momenta are balanced by leg, chest and head momenta in the anterior-posterior direction, and leg momentum is balanced by upper-body momentum in the vertical direction. Finally, we discuss the determinants of gait in the context of these segment-to-segment cancellations of angular momentum.

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Characterization of human gait by means of body center of mass oscillations derived from ground reaction forces

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle during double support

Analysis of ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle during double support

Gait parameters are differently affected by concurrent smartphone-based activities with scaled levels of cognitive effort

Angular momentum in human walking

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