Characterization of Historic Binders and Stones of a Ruined Medieval Church (Hungary)

Abstract

Construction materials of a partly ruined Medieval church of Central Hungary were studied in details to assess its conditions and to obtain information on the phases of construction. At first, digital images were taken to create a 3D model of the remaining walls. The material properties were measured in situ using non-destructive test methods. Strength parameters of stone and render were assessed by Schmidt hammer, while moisture content was measured by a portable moisture meter. According to lithological descriptions and thin-section analyses limestone prevail in the monument. The most common Miocene limestone is represented by various lithologies, such as cemented macro porous limestone, fine-grained porous limestone, oolitic limestone and bioclastic limestone. Mesozoic micritic well cemented limestone and Tertiary limonitic sandstone were also identified at the ruins. The most common weathering forms are selective dissolution, multiple flaking and biological colonisation. Renders used in the structure represents the long history of the structure from Medieval lime-based mortars to Portland cement containing latest applications. The former one is composed of quartz send in lime binder. According to Schmidt hammer tests, the rebound values of the replacement stone is higher than that of the original porous limestone. There is a distinct difference in the moisture content of the stone and render. Orientation/exposure of the wall also influences the moisture content. The gathered information allows for designing better repair methods and helps in the planning of the maintenance of the medieval stone heritage.

The Effect of Water Saturation on the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocities of Different Stones

“…Water can enter the stone through its pores in a variety of ways. As a result, investigating the moisture transport in natural building stones is crucial for their preservation [1,2].…”

Impact of Tufa Stone Powder as a Partial Replacement of Aggregate on the Mechanical Performance and Durability of Repair Mortar

“…Also, there are other factors relating to the environment that govern the occurrence of deterioration [1]. In the rehabilitation works, the choice of the repair building materials, in terms of its aesthetic appearance, mechanical behavior, and even chemical and mineralogical composition, ought to be appropriate for use with the older substances used in these ancient structures [2,3]. Accordingly, one of the major requisites in conservation and rehabilitation works is to achieve full compatibility between the ancient stone and restored mortar (i.e., physical, chemical, structural), which should ensure the perfect performance of the repair mortar [4,5].…”

Assessment of Natural Additives Modified Lime Mortars for Repair of Historic Structures with Strength, Durability and Microstructural Parameters

“…However as far as the mechanical properties are concerned, the lime mortar is slightly inferior to cement binders. Due to its unique environmental and binding characteristics, lime mortars [32] are preferred over cement mortars in repair of heritage structures. Several studies were made in the past to improve the mechanical properties of the lime mortar to be associated with repair works however the durability assessment were very limited with literature as performed by Bendjillali et al [33].…”