“…Surveillance: clinical records review type Direct 92 Akhter et al (2016), Al-Mulhim et al (2014), Ali et al (2009), Alvarez-Moreno et al (2014), Ameh et al (2009), Atif et al (2015), Austin et al (2004), Bannura et al (2016), Bellusse et al (2015), Bercion et al (2007), Bibi et al (2015), Buang and Haspani (2012), Cao et al (2017), Ikeanyi et al (2013), da Cunha et al (2011, da Silva Pinto et al (2015), De Nardo et al (2016, Ding et al (2014), Ding et al (2016), Dreher et al (2017), Duerink et al (2006), Ee et al (2014), El Beltagy et al (2010), Farouk et al (2015), Farsky et al (2011), Fehr et al (2006), Freitas et al (2000), Galal and El-Hindawy 2011 The study type and follow-up time of surveillance after the index procedure (postoperative) expressed in months were also recorded, as were any explicit description of a post-discharge surveillance period and the frequencies of SSI at each stage. The final variable evaluated was whether the procedures included the placement of some type of artificial implant, in all or at least some of the surgeries.…”