“…One of the critical yet unresolved issues is from what cellular-or viralcompartment Vif exerts its activity. Even though previous studies have clearly identified Vif within HIV virions (10,21,34,39,49), its functional relevance has been questioned. Unlike Vpr, which is packaged into HIV particles through an interaction with the p6 component of Gag (12,36,37,47,71), packaging of Vif was thought to be nonspecific (10,56).…”