Characterization of High Performance Protective Coatings for Use on Culturally Significant Works

Clare, Tami Lasseter; Swartz, Natasja A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411467-8.00019-2

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We have previously used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) when formulating the latex-clay suspensions to ensure adequate exfoliation in both aqueous solutions and the polymer latex suspension. 35 In that work, it was noted that cation-exchanged clays (LAPc and LFPc) were stable in water, whereas those that had not been exchanged (LA and LF) were not stable in water without the addition of a peptizing agent. From these combined data, we demonstrate that such modifications to clays can result in aqueous stable dispersions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The grafted/exchanged clays had slightly increased potentials of approximately −38 mV for both LAPc and LFPc. We have previously used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) when formulating the latex-clay suspensions to ensure adequate exfoliation in both aqueous solutions and the polymer latex suspension . In that work, it was noted that cation-exchanged clays (LAPc and LFPc) were stable in water, whereas those that had not been exchanged (LA and LF) were not stable in water without the addition of a peptizing agent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To promote the exfoliated state (aqueous isotropic), ionic exchange with Pc tetrahydrate was carried out to create covalently modified and cation-exchanged nanoclays, abbreviated as LAPc and LFPc. In addition to surface coverage and grafting efficiency, the presence of chemical modifiers at each step of modification was initially confirmed by ATR-FTIR 35 and then investigated by XPS, WAXD, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy; a summary of these data is presented in Table S1 and sections 1−3 of the Supporting Information (SI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acrylic component of the PVDF resin is chemically similar to the polymer used in the primer coat of the PNCs. The acrylic polymer is a commonly used solvent-based coating for the protection of bronzes (Paraloid B-44). ,− In previous work, we have observed that loss of the ester functionality is the primary means of material loss and is the pathway of the degradation for PMMA- co -PEA during outdoor and accelerated weathering . Although solvent-based acrylic coatings are commonly used as protective coatings, their susceptibility to chemical degradation during weathering is a notable reason to investigate more highly weatherable substitutes that offer excellent corrosion protection at a lower ultimate cost to society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimizing Corrosion of Outdoor Metalworks Using Dispersed Chemically Stabilized Nanoclays in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Latex Coatings

2016

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Nanoclays are small enough to appear optically transparent, yet they have large surface-to-volume and high aspect ratios that can significantly inhibit water diffusion when incorporated into protective coatings. Clear coatings, which minimally affect the aesthetics of metalworks, are commonly applied to outdoor metalworks, such as sculptures, to prevent and slow corrosion. In recent years, waterborne clear coatings, rather than solvent-based clear coatings, are increasingly used in many applications to reduce the quantity of volatile organic components in the formulation, yet the performance of dry films produced from waterborne colloidal suspensions is generally poorer. In this work, we aim to improve the barrier properties of a highly weatherable waterborne acrylic/polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion by adding a synthetic nanoclay, Laponite, into the formulation. To improve clay–polymer compatibility, the clay was covalently modified using an acetoxy or perfluoroalkyl silane monomer that is reactive with the hydroxyl groups at the edges of the Laponite platelets. Cation exchange on the clay faces using phosphorylcholine was conducted to increase the stability in water and characterized by zeta potential. Resulting changes in barrier properties of the polymer nanocomposite films were characterized by gravimetry, colorimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Surface ablation after accelerated artificial weathering was monitored by attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy, thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) and gloss and thickness measurements. The composite films showed many improved properties: reduced water sensitivity and ultraviolet-induced polymer degradation, which increased the barrier properties and reduced the diffusion constants over both short- and long-term weathering studies compared with films without nanoclays. The diffusion constant measured for the highest performing composite film showed that the performance gap between relevant water- and solvent-borne coatings used to protect outdoor metals was narrowed by half.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimizing Corrosion of Outdoor Metalworks Using Dispersed Chemically Stabilized Nanoclays in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Latex Coatings

2016

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“…A detailed analysis of the evaluating technique is demonstrated by considering the FTIR spectra of HDPU combusted at 50 kW/m 2 (at a specific time), as shown in Figure 6. Some of the major bands of interest are the peaks at 1500-1550 cm −1 due to N-O stretching in the nitro compounds [53], 1647 cm −1 due to C=C stretching in alkene [53], and 1733 cm −1 due to C=O stretching in aliphatic aldehyde [54]. A strong peak at 2363 cm −1 can be attributed to C≡N stretching in nitriles [55] and O=C=O stretching in CO 2 [56].…”

Section: Ftir Toxic Species Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Hazard and Smoke Toxicity Assessment of Building Polymers Incorporating TGA and FTIR—Integrated Cone Calorimeter Arrangement

Doley

Yuen

Kabir

et al. 2022

Fire

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Building polymers are highly flammable and produce a vast amount of toxic chemical compounds in the event of a fire which can lead to potential incapacitation and death. To gain an in-depth understanding of this issue, smoke toxicity and thermal characteristics of seven commonly used building polymers were analysed through a systematic fire performance evaluation system using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer and a Cone Calorimeter coupled with an FTIR arrangement. Four Fractional Effective Dose (FED) expressions were compared to assess the smoke toxicity of the fire effluents based on different assumptions. It was found that FEDN2, calculated using Purser’s equation, reported the highest values of FED with the following order of potential smoke toxicity at 50 kW/m2 radiative heat flux: LDPU > HDPU > PE > HDEPS > XPS > EVA > LDEPS. Furthermore, fire performance evaluation of the polymers was carried out by considering three key fire risk parameters, i.e., flashover propensity, total heat released, and toxic hazard. At 50 kW/m2 radiative heat flux, HDPU exhibited 11.7 times flashover propensity compared to the least flammable polymer (HDEPS), EVA exhibited 5 times total heat release compared to the polymer with the lowest total heat release (LDEPS) and, LDPU exhibited 6.7 potential times toxic hazard compared to the least toxic polymer (EVA).

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Waterborne Polymers

Gan¹

2015

Marine, Waterborne and Water‐Resistant Polymers

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Characterization of High Performance Protective Coatings for Use on Culturally Significant Works

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Minimizing Corrosion of Outdoor Metalworks Using Dispersed Chemically Stabilized Nanoclays in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Latex Coatings

Minimizing Corrosion of Outdoor Metalworks Using Dispersed Chemically Stabilized Nanoclays in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Latex Coatings

Thermal Hazard and Smoke Toxicity Assessment of Building Polymers Incorporating TGA and FTIR—Integrated Cone Calorimeter Arrangement

Waterborne Polymers

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