Characterization of group A rotavirus infections in adolescents and adults from Pune, India: 1993–1996 and 2004–2007

Abstract

A total of 1,591 fecal specimens were collected in 1993-1996 and 2004-2007 from adolescents and adults with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, India for detection and characterization of rotavirus. At the two time points, group A rotavirus was detected in 8.6% and 16.2% of the adolescents and 5.2% and 17.2% of the adults, respectively. Reverse transcription-PCR with consensus primers followed by multiplex genotyping PCR detected common strains G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8] in a total of 53.1% of the samples from 1993 to 1996, while the only prevalent strain identified in 2004-2007 was G2P[4] (23.5% of total). Uncommon rotavirus strains (G1P[4], G2P[8] G9P[6]/P[4]) increased from 7.8% (1993-1996) to 41.2% (2004-2007), while the prevalence of mixed rotavirus infections was high (39%/35%) at both time points. Mixed infections detected by multiplex PCR were confirmed by sequencing two or more individual genotype-specific PCR products of the VP7 and VP4 genes from the same sample. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed circulation of a heterogeneous rotavirus strain population comprising genotypes G1 (lineages I and IIb), G2 (lineages I and IIb), G4 (lineage Ia), P[4] (lineages P[4]-5 and P[4]-1), P[8] (lineages P[8]-II and P[8]-III), and P[6] (M37-like lineage). The VP6 gene sequences of the nontypeable strains were most homologous to animal strains. This study documents the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains in adolescents and adults in India, and suggests that it may be important to monitor these strains over time for the potential impact on rotavirus vaccines under development for use in the Indian population. J. Med. Virol. 82:519-527, 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Genotypic distribution of rotavirus strains causing severe gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old in Borazjan, Iran

“…But seasonal patterns in tropical climates have shown rates of rotavirus infection throughout the year with seasonal trends that are less well defined (Cook et al, 1990;Levy et al, 2009;Tatte et al, 2010). Also, in the present study a significant difference was observed between virus isolation and cool seasons as the highest prevalence of infection was detected during the coldest months of year, mainly between November and February.…”

“…Rotavirus remains a major cause of acute gastroenteritis among infants and children aged <5 years old, not only in the developing countries like Brazil (Sa´fadi et al, 2010), India (Tatte et al, 2010), Cuba (Ribas et al, 2011), but also in developed countries like Italy (Annarita et al, 2010), Swiss (Lacroix et al, 2010) and France (De Rougemont et al, 2011). In recent studies, it was calculated that the rotaviruses cause approximately 111 million episodes of the gastroenteritis requiring only home care, 25 million clinical visits, 2 million hospitalizations and 352,000-592,000 deaths in children aged <5 years old worldwide, each year (Parashar et al, 2003).…”

“…Among them, group A rotavirus is the single most important cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide (Parashar et al, 2006). Studies of the genotyping in different regions of the world have been indicated that G1-G4 and G9 genotypes are the most common genotypes detected in children diarrheal disease (Jiraphongsa et al, 2005;Annarita et al, 2010;Tatte et al, 2010). But in recent years, other rare or uncommon rotavirus genotypes, such as G5, G8, G10, G11 and G12, have been reported in many countries (Rahman et al, 2005;Le et al, 2008;Mast et al, 2010;Zuccotti et al, 2010).…”

Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus in Kunming, China, in 2015

“…It was determined that, globally, rotavirus remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries [3]. Rotaviruses belong to the family Reoviridae and are classified into 7 antigenic groups (A to G), of which groups A, B, and C are known to infect humans [4]. Group A rotaviruses (RVA) infect all children in their first few years of life and account for the vast majority of rotavirus infections worldwide, while B and C rotaviruses are often found to be associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases [4].…”

“…Rotaviruses belong to the family Reoviridae and are classified into 7 antigenic groups (A to G), of which groups A, B, and C are known to infect humans [4]. Group A rotaviruses (RVA) infect all children in their first few years of life and account for the vast majority of rotavirus infections worldwide, while B and C rotaviruses are often found to be associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases [4]. RVA-related diarrhea was ubiquitous; RVA infects almost all children, leading to 9.8 million severe diarrhea episodes and 193,000 child deaths worldwide every year.…”