Characterization of Graphene Oxide reduced by Bacillus clausii and its activity against MDR uropathogenic isolates

Abstract

Due to the emergence of high virulence pathogenic strains of bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics, this study was conducted to find alternative materials for antibiotics or work with antibiotics against bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics. in this study, we used bacterially reduced graphene oxide (BrGO) for this purpose and through the experiment showed that Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets can biologically reduce by Bacillus clausii by reaction GO with cell free supernatant, where the reaction mixture incubates for 72hrs at 37C° in a shaking incubator. The general properties of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) nanosheets by B. clausii were determined through Ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed the successful bacterial synthesis of rGO nanosheets via removal of water molecules and oxygen functional groups from interlayer of GO. So, the reduced Graphene oxide by Bacillus clausii considered excellent and eco-friendly. BrGO nanosheets exhibited potent noticeable antibacterial activity at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/ml) against both Gram (-ve) and Gram (+ve) tested MDR uropathogenic isolates when used alone or at combining with other antibiotics. also the results showed that potent growth inhibition zones was increased with increasing concentrations of BrGO.

The potential of chitosan-silver nanoparticle-graphene oxide hybrid as an antimicrobial therapy against uropathogenic resistance in urinary tract infections

“…21,68 . The structural damage generates ROS, further damaging the bacteria, and facilitates the passage of antibiotic agents into the bacteria 16 . GO can also absorb amino acids and prevent nutrient absorption, disrupting bacterial metabolism 21 .…”

“…Almamad et al 16 show that not only reduced GO (rGO) exhibit an inhibitory effect towards both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, but it also enhances the performance of common antibiotics. A combination of rGO with 30 µL of 1 mg/mL rGO solution with amikacin, cefotaxime, and cefixime on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolates created an inhibition zone up to 13 mm when no inhibition zone was made with the antibiotics alone 16 . However, no clinical trials have been developed for GO, and the data given so far are from in vitro, animal model, and observational studies.…”