Characterization of glycolytic metabolism and ion transport of <i>Candida albicans</i>

Calahorra, Martha; Sánchez, Norma Silvia; Peña, Antonio

doi:10.1002/yea.2915

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Also, a proton pumping capacity inhibition was observed by the same three dyes, probably related to the respiratory inhibition, since energy supply of C. albicans depends mainly on this respiratory capacity [29]. Again, quinacrine effect is relevant, because it was not taken up by the cells to the same degree as the other two dyes, and nonetheless inhibited the proton pumping activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Acridine Derivatives on Ca2+ Uptake by Candida albicans

Calahorra¹,

Sánchez²,

Peña³

2017

Bioenergetics

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The effects of several acridine derivatives, and chloroquine, which has a similar lateral chain to quinacrine, but with a quinoline nucleus, were studied on a strain of Candida albicans. Parameters estimated were: a) dichloromethane/water partition coefficients; b) uptake by cells; c) effects on respiration, d) effects on the acidification of the medium; e) efflux of K + ; f) uptake of 86Rb + and 45Ca 2+ , and d) effects on growth of cells. Results obtained in general: a) most of them showed a low hydrophobicity; b) most of them were significantly taken up by cells; c) acridine orange, acridine yellow, quinacrine and nonyl acridine orange inhibited respiration; d) acridine orange, quinacrine and nonyl acridine orange inhibited acidification of the medium. The most significant finding was that acridine orange, quinacrine and nonyl acridine orange at 60 μM or 120 μM, and acriflavine at 120 μM produced an efflux of K + , an inhibition of 86Rb + uptake, and a remarkable many fold increase of 45Ca 2+ uptake. Acridine orange and acridine yellow produced only a decrease of duplication time; with the concentrations used, only nonyl acridine orange inhibited growth. It is suggested that quinacrine may be used as an adjuvant or topical agent against candidiasis. Chemical derivatives of some of the dyes might also be used against pathogenic fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Acridine Derivatives on Ca2+ Uptake by Candida albicans

Calahorra¹,

Sánchez²,

Peña³

2017

Bioenergetics

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“…Since this species has a significant fermentation capacity [15]; experiments were performed incubating the cells with variable concentrations of chitosan. As Figure 11 shows, chitosan at low concentrations (10 to 25 μ g·mL −1 ) stimulated fermentation and inhibited it at higher ones (50 μ g·mL −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then they were either used during the same day or fasted by suspending them in 250 mL of water and aerating for 48 h in the orbital shaker at 250 rpm, at 29°C. S. cerevisiae was starved 24 h, but C. albicans required 48 h to reach almost the same starvation state [15]. After collection and washing by centrifugation, the cells were suspended in water to a ratio of 0.5 g·mL −1 (wet weight, working suspension) and maintained in ice until their use during the same day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chitosan onCandida albicans: Conditions for Its Antifungal Activity

Peña

Sánchez

Calahorra

2013

BioMed Research International

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118

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The effects of low molecular weight (96.5 KDa) chitosan on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans were studied. Low concentrations of chitosan, around 2.5 to 10 μg·mL−1 produced (a) an efflux of K+ and stimulation of extracellular acidification, (b) an inhibition of Rb+ uptake, (c) an increased transmembrane potential difference of the cells, and (d) an increased uptake of Ca2+. It is proposed that these effects are due to a decrease of the negative surface charge of the cells resulting from a strong binding of the polymer to the cells. At higher concentrations, besides the efflux of K+, it produced (a) a large efflux of phosphates and material absorbing at 260 nm, (b) a decreased uptake of Ca2+, (c) an inhibition of fermentation and respiration, and (d) the inhibition of growth. The effects depend on the medium used and the amount of cells, but in YPD high concentrations close to 1 mg·mL−1 are required to produce the disruption of the cell membrane, the efflux of protein, and the growth inhibition. Besides the findings at low chitosan concentrations, this work provides an insight of the conditions required for chitosan to act as a fungistatic or antifungal and proposes a method for the permeabilization of yeast cells.

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“…Unlike C. neoformans , the non-pathogenic yeast, S. cerevisiae, has a high capacity for anaerobic glycolysis and fermentation, excreting ethanol as well as acetate and other fermentation products [ 48 ] ( Figure 5 ). Even under aerobic conditions, when glucose is available, S. cerevisiae is actively fermenting, despite a lower ATP yield (otherwise known as the Crabtree effect) (reviewed in [ 49 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Glycolysis and Respiration Highlights Metabolic Inflexibility of Cryptococcus neoformans

Lev

Desmarini

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen that adapts its metabolism to cope with limited oxygen availability, nutrient deprivation and host phagocytes. To gain insight into cryptococcal metabolism, we optimized a protocol for the Seahorse Analyzer, which measures extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as indications of glycolytic and respiratory activities. In doing so we achieved effective immobilization of encapsulated cryptococci, established Rotenone/Antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose as effective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, respectively, and optimized a microscopy-based method of data normalization. We applied the protocol to monitor metabolic changes in the pathogen alone and in co-culture with human blood-derived monocytes. We also compared metabolic flux in wild-type C. neoformans, its isogenic 5-PP-IP5/IP7-deficient metabolic mutant kcs1∆, the sister species of C. neoformans, Cryptococcus deuterogattii/VGII, and two other yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Our findings show that in contrast to monocytes and C. albicans, glycolysis and respiration are tightly coupled in C. neoformans and C. deuterogattii, as no compensatory increase in glycolysis occurred following inhibition of respiration. We also demonstrate that kcs1∆ has reduced metabolic activity that correlates with reduced mitochondrial function. Metabolic inflexibility in C. neoformans is therefore consistent with its obligate aerobe status and coincides with phagocyte tolerance of ingested cryptococcal cells.

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Characterization of glycolytic metabolism and ion transport of Candida albicans

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Acridine Derivatives on Ca2+ Uptake by Candida albicans

Effects of Acridine Derivatives on Ca2+ Uptake by Candida albicans

Effects of Chitosan onCandida albicans: Conditions for Its Antifungal Activity

Monitoring Glycolysis and Respiration Highlights Metabolic Inflexibility of Cryptococcus neoformans

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