Characterization of glycemic patterns in type 1 diabetes without insulin or meal input data

Continuous glucose monitoring for automatic real-time assessment of eating events and nutrition: a scoping review

“…The literature search identified a total of 1,561 potentially relevant publications. Nineteen publications reporting data from 17 studies (for 2 studies, 2 publications each were relevant, see Table 1 ), including 311 participants, met the inclusion criteria ( 59 – 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 73 – 75 , 82 – 85 , 87 ). Figure 1 shows the process of the literature search, screening, and selection in a PRISMA-style flow diagram ( 88 ).…”

“…The publications covered a wide age range, including pediatric ( 62 , 73 ), adolescent ( 62 , 64 , 65 ), and adult ( 59 – 61 , 63 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 82 – 85 , 87 ) populations. Fourteen publications included participants with T1DM ( 59 , 62 – 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 84 , 85 , 87 ), one publication included a sample of participants with T1DM or T2DM ( 75 ), one publication included participants with prediabetes or moderately controlled T2DM ( 83 ) and three publications included participants without diabetes ( 60 , 61 , 82 ). Publications included both controlled/inpatient ( 59 , 62 – 65 , 68 , 74 , 82 , 85 ) and free-living settings ( 60 , 61 , 66 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 83 , 87 ).…”

“…Fourteen publications included participants with T1DM ( 59 , 62 – 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 84 , 85 , 87 ), one publication included a sample of participants with T1DM or T2DM ( 75 ), one publication included participants with prediabetes or moderately controlled T2DM ( 83 ) and three publications included participants without diabetes ( 60 , 61 , 82 ). Publications included both controlled/inpatient ( 59 , 62 – 65 , 68 , 74 , 82 , 85 ) and free-living settings ( 60 , 61 , 66 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 83 , 87 ).…”

“…There were some concerns regarding the applied methodology for all publications; these concerns were substantial for most publications. In 16/19 (84.2%) publications, the sample consisted exclusively of individuals with (pre)diabetes ( 59 , 62 – 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 73 – 75 , 83 – 85 , 87 ). Further, 9/19 (47.4%) publications used error-prone methods for measuring the ground truth of IA, mostly self-reported IA ( 60 , 61 , 66 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 83 , 87 ).…”

“…In 16/19 (84.2%) publications, the sample consisted exclusively of individuals with (pre)diabetes ( 59 , 62 – 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 73 – 75 , 83 – 85 , 87 ). Further, 9/19 (47.4%) publications used error-prone methods for measuring the ground truth of IA, mostly self-reported IA ( 60 , 61 , 66 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 83 , 87 ). Moreover, 7/19 (36.8%) publications used meal announcements and/or meal-accompanying insulin boluses ( 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 87 ).…”